臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

面對知識經濟時代，知識已經取代自然資源與勞力密集產業，成為首要創造經濟成長的泉源。組織唯有透過知識的創造，始能建立持久的競爭優勢(Wong, 2000)。
本研究主要探討知識創造活動與企業經營績效之關係，並將中間變數(組織學習能力)置於知識創造活動與企業經營績效之間，再納入一個調節變數(知識特性)，進一步探討知識創造活動會如何影響企業經營績效。本研究以工具機產業為實證研究對象，總共發出300份問卷，共回收237份，去除無效問卷沒填寫完成者32份，總共有效問卷為205份，回收率為68.33%。
經由複迴歸分析及ANOVA考驗各構面因素之互動關係，實證結果顯示知識創造活動對企業經營績效與組織學習能力具有正向影響，組織學習能力對企業經營績效也具有正向影響，組織學習能力對知識創造活動與企業經營績效具有部分中介效果。此外，知識特性對知識創造活動與組織學習能力之干擾效果未獲得支持。

Facing the era of knowledge economy, knowledge already substituted for the natural resource and the labor-intensive form industry, becomes the most important source for economic growth, the Organization only has by the knowledge creation. Organization can establish the lasting competitive advantage, only through knowledge creation (Wong, 2000).
This research mainly investigated the relation between knowledge creation activi- ties and business operational performance. A Variable (organization learning ability) was adopted between knowledge creation activities and business operational performance An adjustable variable (knowledge characteristic) was also included for further investi- gating how knowledge creation activities affect business operational performance.
The study object of this research is machine tools industry. 300 copies of ques- tionnaires were sent out totally, but only 237 copies were returned. Eliminating the ine- ffective 32 copies of questionnaires which were not completed, total effective question- naires are 205 copies. Effective return rate is 68.33%.
Through multiple regression analysis and ANOVA, the mutual relations of various factors had been tested. Tested results indicated that knowledge creation activity has positive effects on business operational performance and organization learning ability. Organization learning ability also affected apparently business operational performance. Organization learning ability played a part of media role between knowledge creation activity and business operational performance. Knowledge characteristic has no mode- rating effect between knowledge creation and organization learning ability. However, the hypothesis was not supported by the empirical data.

內 容 目 錄
中文摘要　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． iii
英文摘要　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． iv
誌謝辭　　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． vi
內容目錄　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． vii
表目錄　　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ix
圖目錄　　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． x
第一章 緒論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
第一節 研究背景與動機．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
第二節 研究目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 3
第三節 研究流程．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 4
第二章 文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
第一節 企業經營績效．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
第二節 知識創造活動．．．．．．．．．．．．． 7
第三節 組織學習能力．．．．．．．．．．．．． 12
第四節 知識特性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 15
第三章 研究方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 17
第一節 研究架構．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 17
第二節 研究假設．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 18
第三節 研究對象與受測方式．．．．．．．．．． 19
第四節 變數之操作性定義及衡量．．．．．．．． 20
第五節 資料分析方法．．．．．．．．．．．．． 26
第四章 資料分析與發現．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 28
第一節 描述性統計分析．．．．．．．．．．．． 28
第二節 相關分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 35
第三節 差異分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 36
第四節 迴歸分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 39
第五節 假設驗證彙整．．．．．．．．．．．．． 43
第五章 結論與建議．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 45
第一節 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 45
第二節 建議．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 47
第三節 研究限制．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 48
參考文獻　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 50
附錄 問卷．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 60

表目錄
表 3- 1 知識創造活動量表之因素及信度分析．．．．． 21
表 3- 2 知識特性量表之因素及信度分析．．．．．．． 23
表 3- 3 組織學習能力量表之因素及信度分析．．．．． 24
表 3- 4 企業經營績效量表之因素及信度分析．．．．． 25
表 4- 1 研究樣本背景資料．．．．．．．．．．．．． 30
表 4- 2 知識創造活動量表各題之得分情形．．．．．． 31
表 4- 3 知識特性量表各題之得分情形．．．．．．．． 33
表 4- 4 組織學習能力量表各題之得分情形．．．．．． 34
表 4- 5 企業經營績量表各題之得分情形．．．．．．． 34
表 4- 6 研究變項之相關係數表．．．．．．．．．．． 35
表 4- 7 職稱於研究變項之差異比較．．．．．．．．． 36
表 4- 8 有設立專職於研究變項之差異比較．．．．．． 37
表 4- 9 公司成立之年數於研究變項之差異比較．．．． 37
表 4-10 公司員工人數於研究變項之差異比較．．．．． 38
表 4-11 公司直接外銷比例於研究變項之差異比較．．． 38
表 4-12 公司資本額於研究變項之差異比較．．．．．． 39
表 4-13 企業經營績效與組織學習能力之簡單分析．．． 41
表 4-14 知識創造活動與外顯程度交互作用對組織學習能
力之迴歸分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 42
表 4-15知識創造活動與組織程度交互作用對組織學習能
力之迴歸分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 43
表 4-16 假說驗證結果．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 44

圖目錄
圖 1- 1 研究流程圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5
圖 2- 1 內隱與外顯知識的轉換．．．．．．．．．．． 10
圖 2- 2 知識的螺旋成長圖．．．．．．．．．．．．． 11
圖 3- 1 研究架構．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 17

參 考 文 獻
一、中文部分

Arthur Anderson. Business Consulting(2000)，知識管理推行實務(許史金譯)，台北：商周出版社。

方世杰，蔡淑梨，羅育如(2005)，從知識市場效率觀點探討組織知識之創造，中山管理評論，13(2)，695-719。

方世榮，方世杰(2004)，關係資本、市場導向及組織學習對新產品開發績效的影響，交大管理學報，24(2)，61-86。

汪美香，楊棠堯，吳朝森(2006)，資訊系統開發團隊成員之自我效能、團隊互動、團隊信任對團隊效能之影響：知識分享之中介效果，台大管理論叢，16(2)，73-100。

林義屏，黃俊英，董玉娟(2004)，市場導向、組織學習、組織創新與組織績效間關係之研究:以科學園區資訊電子產業為例，管理評論，23(1)，101-134。

林妙雀(2004)，知識資源、知識特性與知識流通機制對知識移轉績效影響之研究─以台灣地區跨國零售業之員工加以驗證，管理學報，21(6)，801-826。

吳思華(1996)，策略九說-策略思考的本質，台北:臉譜文化。

吳萬益(1996)，台美日企業在台灣及大陸企業經營環境及競爭策略之研究，台大管理論叢，7(1)，49-84。

施佳玫(2004)，行銷知識能耐、產品創新、行銷創新與市場績效關係之研究，國立成功大學企業管理研究所未出版之博士論文。

梁定澎，歐陽彥晶，許如欽(2005)，影響台灣企業採用知識管理之因素，資訊管理學報，12(3)，1-38。

黃廷合，吳思達(2004)，知識管理理論與實務，台北：全華科技圖書股份有限公司。

黃家齊，蔡達人(2003)，團隊多元化與知識分享、知識創造及創新績效，台大管理論叢，13(2)，233-280。

彭志宏(2004)，知識創造活動對組織績效之影響，國立中山大學管理學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。

溫源鳳，楊世芳，石玫旻(2007)，高科技產業是管理策略及活動、知識資源特性與經營績效關係之探討─資源基礎觀點，中華管理學報，8(1)，87-111。

廖述賢，費吳琛，周繼文(2008)，知識取得、知識移轉與創新能力關聯性研究，科技管理學刊，13(1)，101-134。

謝琇玲，蘇國禎(2005)，我國大學校院知識管理與組織學習能力之關係研究：組織知識制度的中介效果，教育學刊，24，149-173。

簡瑞霖(2007)，以知識管理基礎設施探討影響顧客知識管理之因素，明新學報，33，1-25。

二、英文部分

Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1996). Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method, and Practice. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (1999). The synergistic effect of mar-ket orientation and learning orientation on organizational performance . Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator vari- able stinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2002). Management: Competing in the New Era (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Becerra-Fernandez, I., & Sabherwal, R. (2001). Organizational Knowledge Management: A Contingency Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 23-55.

Bhatt, G. D. (2002). Management strategies for individual knowledge and organizational knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Manage- ment, 6(1), 31-39.

Bieber, M., Engelbart, D., Furuta, R., Hiltz, S. R., Noll, J., Preece, J., Stohr, E. A., Turoff, M., & de Walle, B. V. (1999). Toward Virtual Community Knowledge Evolution. Journal of Manage-
ment Information Systems, 18(4), 11-35.

Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression & Cor-
relation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hills-
dale. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.

Contractor, F. J., & Ra, W. (2002). How knowledge attributes Influ-ence alliance governance choice: a theory development note. Journal of International Management, 8, 11-27.

Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Massachusetts: Har- vard Business School Press.

de Geus, A. (1997). The living company: Habits for Survival in a Turbulent Business Environment. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Delaney, J. T., & Huselid, M. A. (1996). The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 949-969.

Despres, C., & Chauvel, D. (2002). Knowledge, Context, and the Management of Variation, in the Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge. Oxford, Oxfordshier, England: Oxford University Press.

Dyer, L., & Reeves, T. (1995). Human resource strategies and firm performance: what do we know and where do we need to go?. The ternational Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), 656-670.

Garvin, D. A. (1993). Building a Learning Organization. Harvard Busiiness Review, 74(4), 78-91.

Ghingold, M., Hall, E. H., & Johnson, B. (1998). Intrafirm Technical Knowledge and Competitive Advantage: A Framework and Exploratory Study. Journal of Business Strategies, 15(2), 108- 129.

Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Jouranl of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214.

Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 109-122.

Guimaraes, T., Igbaria, M., & Lu, M. T. (1992). The Determinants of DSS Success: An Integrated Model. Decision Science, 23(2), 409-430.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1992). Multivariate Date Analysis with Readings. New York: Macmillan.

Hansen, M. T., Nohria, N., & Tierney, T. (1999). What’s your trategy for managing knowledge?. Harvard Business Review, 77(2), 106-116.

Hart, S. L. (1992). An intergrative framework for strategy making process. Academy of management review, 17, 327-351.

Hedlund, G. (1994). A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 73-90.

Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational Learning: The Contributing Pro- cesses and the Literatures. Organization Science, 2(1), 88-115.

Hunt, S., & Morgan, R. (1996). The Resource-Advantage Theory of Competition: Dynamics, Path Dependencies, and Evolutionary Dimensions. Journal of Marketing, 60, 107-114.

Inkpen, A. C. (1996). Creating Knowledge Through Collaboration.
California Management Review, 39(1), 123-140.

Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market orientation: antece- dents and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 1-18.

Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard- Measures that Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71-79.

Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capability, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3, 383-397.

Lee, H., & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge Management Enablers, Pro- cesses, and Organizational Performance: An Integrative View and Empirical Examination. Journal of Managemen Informa- tion System, 20(1), 179-228.

Leonard-Barton, D. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge : building and sustaining the sources of innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Madu, C. N., Kuei, C. H., & Jacob, R. A. (1996). An Empirical As- sessment of the Influence of Quality Dimension on Organizational Performance. International Journal of Production Re- search, 34(7), 1943-1962.

McKeen, J. D., Guimaraes, T., & Wetherbe, J. C. (1994). The Rela- tionship between User Participation and User Satisfaction: An Investigation of Four Contingency Factors. MIS Quarterly, 18 (4), 427-451.

Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J., & Gould, J. M. (1995). Understanding organizations as learning systems. Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 73-85.

Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.

Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford, Oxfordshier, England: Oxford University Press.

Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Konno, N. (2000). SECI, Ba & Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning, 33, 5-34.

Parent, M., Gallupe, R. B., Salisbury, W. D., & Handelman, J. M. (2000). Knowledge creation in focus group: Can group technologies help?. Information & Management, 38(1), 47-58.
Peters, W. S., & Champoux, J. E. (1979). The Use of Moderate Re- gression in Job Redesign Decisions. Decision Science, 10(1), 85-95.

Quinn, J. B., Anderson, P., & Finkelstein, S. (1996). Managing Pro- fessional Ietellect: Making the Most of the Best. Harvard Business Review, 74(2), 71-80.

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Currency & Doubleday.

Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (1995). Market orientation and the Lear- ning Organization. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 63-74.

Spender, J. C. (1996). Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 45-62.

Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual Capital: The New Weaalth of Or- ganizations. New York: Currency & Doubleday.

Swift, R. S. (2000). Accelerating Customer Relationships: Using CRM and Relationship Technologies. New Jersey: Upper Sad-dle River, Prentice-hall.

Teece, D. J. (2000). Strategies for managing knowledge assets: The role of firm structure and industrial context. Long Range Planning, 33(1), 35-34.

Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A comparison of Approaches. Academy of Management Review, 11, 801-814.

Von Krogh, G. (1998). Care in Knowledge Creation. California Management Review, 40(3), 133-153.

Wong, P. K. (2000). Knowledge creation management: Issues and Challenges. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2), 193- 200.

Youndt, M. A., Snell, S. A., Dean, J. W., & Lepak, D. P. (1996). Hu- man resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm perfor-
mance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 836- 866.

Zarraga, C., & Garcia-Falcon, J. M. (2003). Factors favoring know- ledge management in work teams. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(2), 81-96.