摘要

對於即將而來且無可避免的全球化，許多不同國家的人們，都已經開始對此令人關注的議題進行討論與分析。甚至，當此研究議題牽涉到兩個重要的民族或國家時，更吸引許多研究人員投入在這些相關議題上，試圖從政府政策行動來推論其彼此的關聯性。

在這特定研究項目上，我們將要探討俄羅斯與中國雙方在2000-2007年間的經濟合作。儘管這個主題似乎相當廣泛，但是我們認為至少初步的撰寫、敘述與分析來引導進入此議題是必須的。基本上，這兩個國家過去在國際上競爭已扮演重要角色，並相互合作。

在先天條件與國際總體經濟情況下，這兩個國家無法依其利益與期盼來扮演。然而，這兩個國家共同的基礎是建立在當時皆為共產主義制度時代。蘇維埃當時提供了他所可以的協助給中國，例如鐵路建設、技術指導、以及中國企業協助與現代化。然而，俄羅斯聯邦接替了蘇維埃後，似乎沒有意識到中國自身的改變，以及它意識形態轉變。這份書面報告嘗試以時空為架構來探討2000-2007年間主要幾個發生事項來看雙方合作，探求雙方或與周邊國家合作以後可能造成的結果如何。

Abstract.
The globalization inevitable oncoming and the the way, different countries of the world adapt to it has always been an interesting subject to study and analysis for people from all over the world. Moreover, when the subject of the study touches upon two great nations and two great countries, it turns out to be even more attractive for researcher to get involved onto these issues, to find the connections in the logic of governmental actions. In this particular study we are going to talk about the bilateral trade relations between Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China in the period of transaction from the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation. Despite this topic may seem to be very broad, we consider it to be nesesary to conduct at least preliminary efforts to list, describe and analyse the ways, these two countries acted in the international arena in general and towards each other in particular.
Given the conditions and the international macroeconomical situation, the two countries couldn’t but to act according to their national interests and expectations. However, this basis was constructed during the prior period, when Russia and China considered each other to be the “Brotherhood” states due to communist regimes. Soviet Union helped with various means, he could. These included construction of railways, supply of different technologies and know-how, assistance in constructing of industrial enterprices and their modernization. However Russia, the country, which succeeded the Soviet Union, doesn’t seem to be aware of the changes in China itself and in it’s ideology as well. This study with latter mentioned time frames attempts to study this period and to look through all the main flashpoints of the bilateral relations and the possible outcomes of this cooperation for the both countries and for their neighbours also.

Table of contents
Absctract………………………………………………………………………………...2
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..8
Chapter One Investment Partnership Russia and China: Challenges and Prospects…………………………………………………………………………………16
1.1. Economic development of China……………………………………………….......17
1.2. Analysis of the Russian Investment Policy………………………………………....19
1.3. Attracting foreign investment in China''s economy………………………………...20
1.4. Russian-Chinese investment cooperation………………………………………......22
Chapter Two The strategic priorities for development of foreign economic relations of Russia and China today………………………………………………………………….25
2.1. Foreign Trade of Russia………………………………………………………........25
2.2. Foreign economic relations of Russia and China: a conceptual framework and development trends………………………………………………………………………27
2.3. Trade and economic relations between Russia and China with Central Asia……...38
2.4. Ways to improve the structure of Russian-Chinese trade relations………………...51
Chapter Three The prospects for expanding cooperation with China as a priority for foreign economic activity of Russia………………………………………………..........59
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..........65
References……………………………………………………………………………...70
Appendixes…………………………………………………………………………….83

List of Figures
Figure 2.1. Foreign Trade of Russian Federation with major partners……………......27
Figure 2.2. Trends in Russian-Chinese bilateral trade………………………………...30
Figure 2.3. Trends in exports between Russia and China……………………………..31
Figure 2.4. Trends in imports between Russia and China…………………………......31
Figure 2.5. Changes in volume of trade between Russia and China with Central Asia………………………………………………………………………………………40
Figure 2.6. The share of Russia and China share in the external trade of Central Asian countries………………………………………………………………………………..41
Figure 2.7. A comparison of the volume of trade between Russia and China with Central Asia…………………………………………………………………………………….42
Figure 2.8. A comparison of trends in the share of commodities in the trade of Central Asia with Russia and China……………………………………………………………44
Figure 2.9. A comparison of trends in the proportion of finished products in the trade of Central Asia with Russia and China…………………………………………………..45

List of Tables
Table 2.1. Changing the sources of a positive balance of foreign trade in China, billions of dollars………………………………………………………………………………27
Table 2.2. The turnover of China''s major foreign trade partners in 2007……….........28
Table 2.3. Russian deliveries to China in 2007 by types of transportation, compared to total imports…………………………………………………………………………..33
Table 2.4. The volume of trade between Russia and China with Central Asia………39
Table 2.5. The share of Russia and China share in the external trade of Central Asian countries, the share of the Central Asian countries in foreign trade turnover of Russia and China…………………………………………………………………………………43

References

Contractual and legal basis of Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation

1. Agreement on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China (October 1949)

2. Treaty of commerce and navigation between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China (April 1958)

3. Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investment (July 1990)

4. Trade Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China (October 1990)

5. Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China on the public credit for the supply of Chinese goods in the USSR (March 1991)

6. Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China Air Services (March 1991)

7. Convention between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the field of animal quarantine and veterinary (June 1991)

8. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on trade and economic relations (March 1992)

9. The agreement between the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on Mutual Legal Assistance in Civil and Criminal Matters (June 1992)

10. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the construction of the territory of the PRC and the provision of a nuclear power plant Russia PRC Public Credit (December 1992)

11. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the public credit for shipments from China to the Russian Federation, food (December 1992)

12. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the international road transport (December 1992)

13. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on scientific and technical cooperation (December 1992)

14. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on visa-free group tourist trips (December 1992)

15. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in construction in China gazotsentrifuzhnogo plant to enrich uranium for atomic energy (December 1992)

16. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in tourism (November 1993)

17. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion with respect to taxes on income (May 1994)

18. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the maritime industry (May 1994)

19. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters (September 1994)

20. The Protocol on the mutual granting of Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China certificates the end-user and end use of imported goods and dual-use technology (December 1994)

21. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the field of information technology (June 1995)

22. Agreement on the Establishment of the Consultative Commission for the Development of the area of economic development of the river basin vague and North-East Asia on 6 December 1995, New York (signed: Russia, China, DPRK, Mongolia, Republic of Korea)

23. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on Cooperation in the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (April 1996)

24. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the peaceful uses of atomic energy (April 1996)

25. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the deployment of a joint cooperation in the energy sector (April, 1996)

26. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the assessment of imported and exported products (April, 1996)

27. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation and mutual assistance in the field of exchange control (April, 1996)

28. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on cooperation in the fight against unfair competition and antitrust policy (April, 1996)

29. The Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the basic principles of the feasibility study project for building a pipeline to transport gas from the East Siberian region of the Russian Federation in the People''s Republic of China, as well as to potential customers in third countries, and developing Kovyktinskogo gas field in the Russian Federation (November, 1997)

30. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the establishment of the institutional framework and mechanism for regular meetings of heads of governments of Russia and China (June, 1997)

31. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the principles of cooperation between administrations (governments) of the Russian Federation and local governments, People''s Republic of China on 10 November 1997, Beijing.

32. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the organization facilitated passes the citizens of the Russian Federation in a number of commercial complexes located in the Chinese side of the line of the Russian-Chinese state border (in the form of an exchange of notes) of 17 February 1998, Moscow

33. The Treaty of Good-neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China (2005-2008 biennium.) (2000)

34. Agreement between the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the People''s Bank of China''s interbank payment to trade in the border regions of 22 August 2002, Beijing.

35. Protocol between the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the conclusion of negotiations on market access for goods and services (in October 2004, Beijing)

36. Agreement between the Federal Service for Financial Monitoring (Russian Federation) and the People''s Bank of China on cooperation and information exchange in the field of combating the legalization (laundering) of proceeds of crime and the financing of terrorism (in March 2006, Beijing)

37. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investment (in November 2006, Beijing)

38. Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the People''s Republic of China on a state border (in November 2006, Beijing)

39. The agreement between the Ministry of Science and Education of Russia and the Ministry of Education People''s Republic of China on Cooperation in Education (November 2006, Beijing)

40. Protocol between the Central Bank of Russian Federation and the People''s Bank of China to expand the geographical scope of China, where banks have the right to carry out settlements in national currencies in the Russian-Chinese border trade (November 2006, Beijing)

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