臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用費米實驗室設計製造的宇宙射線緲子偵測器的裝置來做緲子的資料擷取與數據分析。
我們發現這套偵測器在輔仁大學物理系高能實驗室內，耕莘樓二樓，可以成功的測量出緲子生命期，且與世界平均緲子生命期約2.2μs相符合。
我們也在玉山上的鹿林小屋內，約海拔2800公尺，做緲子生命期的測量。我們發現玉山上的生命期數據太小，目前我們懷疑是因為π+、π-或是其他高能量的粒子衰變的數據也混入所造成的。
我們發現通量數目除了隨水平夾角的增加而減少，而且它的改變趨勢可以用餘弦函數的平方來描述。此外在高樓層也比在低樓層的通量數目多。
在各方的努力之下台灣夸克網的平台慢慢建立，我們希望利用這平台分享更多的宇宙射線相關知識給國內對近代物理有興趣的學生與老師。

We use the quarknet muon detector to measure the muon lifetime and flux. The detector is made by Fermilab, USA.
In the muon lifetime study, we find the results in our lab are similar as the PDG world average, ~2.2 micro seconds. One day, we take the detector to Yu-San mountain and repeat the muon lifetime data taking. We find that the muon lifetime is too small. We wonder that some other high energy charged pion particles may affect our results.
In the flux study, we find that the flux would become smaller while the angle between the scintillator plane and the horizontal increases. The behavior can be described by the cosine square function. Besides, the flux in the higher story is larger than that in the lower story.
The quarknet project in Taiwan becomes better and better this year. We hope to distribute the knowledge of cosmic ray related issues to high school students and teachers. Hopefully, this thesis would help people to learn this.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………ii
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………iii
致謝 ……………………………………………………………………iv
圖目錄...........................................viii
表目錄............................................xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1動機............................................1
1.2目的............................................1
1.3 加了磁場的雲霧室找到緲子..........................2
1.4 蓋格計數器尋找帶電高能粒子的原理....................3
1.5 第一位量測出緲子壽命的羅西.........................5
1.6 從天而降的緲子.....................................9
1.7 近代研究的緲子特性...............................12
1.8 現代測量緲子生命期的方法: Double hit................13
第二章 實驗儀器與組裝步驟..............................15
2.1 主要實驗儀器.....................................15
2.2 塑料閃爍體.......................................27
2.3 光導............................................29
2.4光電倍增管.........................................30
2.5 資料擷取卡.......................................38
2.6 GPS 接收器.......................................40
2.7 溫度量測..........................................42
2.8 超級終端機..........................................42
第三章 夸克網線上實驗室.....................................46
3.1 前言................................................46
3.2線上實驗室的學習指引......................................49
3.3線上實驗室的數據分析程式.................................51
3.4線上實驗室的成果分享....................................54
第四章 實驗量測...........................................55
4.1 緲子Lifetime實驗......................................55
[實驗A]...................................................55
[實驗B].....................................................65
4.2 緲子通量實驗..............................................70
[實驗C].....................................................70
[實驗D].....................................................76
[實驗E]......................................................82
第五章 結論....................................................86
附錄.......................................................88
A 基本粒子................................................88
夸克......................................................88
輕子......................................................89
規範波色子 ..................................................89
希格斯粒子................................................... 89
B使用超級終端機來設定DAQ卡.....................................91
參考資料.......................................................93

[1]http://ccwww.kek.jp/pdg/2009/listings/rpp2009-list-muon.pdf
[2] http://www.tam.gov.tw/
[3] 從夸克到宇宙 諾貝爾物理學獎得主 李德曼和前芝加哥大學物理教授 著 蔡信行 譯 世潮出版社 2004.11
[4] 陳柏元,“建立渺子半衰期實驗”,國立台灣大學物理研究所碩士論文 (5-7) 1994
[5] http://pdg.lbl.gov/
[6] http://www18.i2u2.org/elab/cosmic/home/
[7] http://www.tau.ac.il/~lab3/PARTICLES/muonlifetime.pdf
[8] http://www.tam.gov.tw/
[9] http://www.jlab.org/~cecire/muonexp.html
[10] http://www.electrontubes.com/
[11]Sten Hansen,et al,"Low-Cost Date Acquisition Card for School-Network Cosmic Ray Detectors",IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.vol.51,NO.3,JUNE 2004.
[12] Gaisser , T.K. (1990) Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics (CambridgeUniversity Press) p.1