臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自然法在道德與法律: 新的古典理倫

PART ONE: NATURAL LAW TRADITION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION
PART TWO: JOHN FINNIS’S CONTEMPORARY THEORY
PART THREE: MORALITY AND THE NATURAL LAWPART TWO: JOHN FINNIS'S CONTEMPORARY THEORY
PART THREE: MORALITY AND THE NATURAL LAW

CONTENTS


ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

PART ONE: NATURAL LAW TRADITION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION

CHAPTER II: THE ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURAL LAW AND EARLY CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

A. THE ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT OF NATURAL LAW
B. STOICISM IN THE BEGINNING OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA
1. The Emergence of the Concept of the Will
2. Aquinas on Reason and Will

CHAPTER III: THE THOMISTIC THEORY OF NATURAL LAW OF REASON

A. AQUINAS AND SYNDERESIS
B. THE BASIC REASON FOR ACTION
1. Basic Goods
2. First Practical Principles
3. The Principle of the Moral Ought
4. Obligation and Law

CHAPTER IV: AQUINAS AND THE ORIGINS OF NATURAL RIGHTS

A. VILLEY, OCKHAM, AND THE ORIGIN OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
1. Classical Roman Law
2. Individual Rights and Natural Right
3. Aquinas and the Canonists: Ius and Lex
4. Ockham’s “Revolution”
B. FINNIS’S INTERPRETATION OF AQUINAS’S SUBJECTIVE RIGHTS
1. Justice and Its Object
2. Language of Rights
C. TIERNEY ON PERMISSIVE NATURAL LAW AS A GROUND OF NATURAL RIGHTS
PART TWO: JOHN FINNIS’S CONTEMPORARY THEORY

CHAPTER V: NATURAL LAW ETHICS

A. THE ILLICIT INFERENCE FROM FACTS TO NORMS
1. Hume and Clarke on “Is” and “Ought”
2. Clarke’s Antecedents
B. THEORY OF NATURAL LAW AS RATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR MORAL JUDGMENTS
1. Practical Principles
a) The Motives of Specially Human Acts
b) Practical Principles and Their Genesis c) Practical Truth
2. Moral Truth
a) From Practical Principles to the Moral Ought
b) Moral Truth: Comparisons and Contrasts
3. The Basic Requirements of Practical Reason
a) The Good of Practical Reasonableness Structures our Pursuit of Goods
b) A Coherent Plan of Life
c) No Arbitrary Preferences amongst Values
d) No Arbitrary Preferences amongst Persons
e) Detachment and Commitment
f) The (Limited) Relevance of Consequences: Efficiency, within Reason
g) Respect for Every Basic Value in Every Act
h) The Requirements of the Common Good
i) Following One’s Conscience
j) The Production of these Requirements: Morality

CHAPTER VI: NATURAL LAW JURISPRUDENCE

A. NATURAL LAW THEORY OF LAW
1. The Principal Jurisprudential Concern
a) “Reason” and “Will” in Decision, Legislation, and Compliance with Law
b) The Rule of Law
(1) The Main Features of Legal Order
(2) The Rule of Law
(3) Limits of the Rule of Law
c) Derivation of “Positive” from “Natural” Law
2. Unjust Legislation and Legal Obligation
a) “Lex Injusta Non Est Lex”
b) “Obligation,” “Ought,” and Rational Necessity
c) “Legally Obligatory”: the Legal Sense and the Moral Sense
d) Effects of Injustice on Obligation
B. NATURAL LAW THEORY OF RIGHTS
1. Are Duties “Prior to” Rights?
2. An Analysis of Rights-Talk
3. Rights and the Common Good
4. The Specification of Rights
5. Absolute Human Rights

PART THREE: MORALITY AND THE NATURAL LAW

CHAPTER VII: H. L. A. HART: THE SEPARABILITY AND INCORPORATION THESIS: “MINIMUM CONTENT OF NATURAL LAW”

A. INTRODUCTION TO THE POSITIVISTIC CONCEPT OF LAW
B. THE SEPARABILITY AND INCORPORATION THESIS
C. H. L. A. HART: REINTRODUCING NATURAL NECESSITIES
D. CRITIQUE OF POSITIVISTIC CONCEPTION OF LAW

CHAPTER VIII: L. FULLER: PROCEDURAL NATURAL LAW THEORY:“INTERNAL MORALITY OF LAW”

A. THE MORALITY AND IMMORALITY OF LAW
1. Legal the Precepts
2. The Legal System
B. LEGAL PROCESS
1. The Purposive and Value Laden of Nature of Legal Process
2. The Morality and Immorality of Legal Process
3. Law’s Means and Ends: A “Processual Theory”
CHAPTER IX: R. DWORKIN: MORAL ASPECTS OF INTERPRETATIVE THEORY OF LAW AS INTEGRITY

A. DWORKIN’S PRINCIPLES
B. LAW AS INTEGRITY

CHAPTER X. J. FINNIS: LEGAL VALIDITY AND MORALITY

A. THE ESSENTIAL MORAL ASPIRATION OF LAW-GIVING
B. PRACTICAL REASON
C. THE ESSENTIAL FORMAL FEATURES OF LAW: LEGALITY AND MORAL VALUE
D. THE GOOD AND RIGHT
E. ON LAW AND MORALISM

CHAPTER XI. CONCLUSIONS

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