臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在無線通訊領域裡，智慧型天線系統利用陣列天線來取得發射信號的空間特徵 (Spatial Signature)，並藉由空間特徵的差異或信號的到達方向（DOA）來正確的取出我們所要的信號，達到減少同頻干擾(Co-channel Interference)效應和多重路徑傳輸所造成的信號衰落現象，以增加系統用戶的容量和改善通訊品質。本研究主要是針對利用智慧型天線系統的最小均方差(MMSE)演算法與相位陣列天線進行效能評估與比較並採用空間分集結合降低衰落效應。這篇研究當中的準確錯誤率模擬方法是利用高斯正交規則(Gaussian Quadrature Rule)取代一般的平均法(Average)及級數展開法(Series Expansion)來得到快速且準確的錯誤率分析。

In wireless communications, the smart antenna system can utilize antenna array to obtain the spatial signatures from transmitted signals. Furthermore, the smart antenna system explores the differences of spatial signatures or directions-of-arrival (DOA) from the signals to get the desired signals and reduce the effects of co-channel interference and multipath fading. Thus, it can increase the channel capacity and improve the communication quality. The main topic of our research is to evaluate the performance of the beamforming algorithms by using MMSE criteria to compare with the phased array antenna system and use space diversity to mitigate fading effect. The accurate error rate is obtained by using the efficient method based on moments namely Gaussian Quadrature Rules (GQR) replace with conventional average method and series expansion method.

Contents
Abstract(in Chinese) i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents iv
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 The mobile radio environment 2
1.2 Flat fading and frequency selective fading 3
1.3 Co-channel interference 4
1.4 Antenna array system 6
1.5 Synopsis of research accomplished 9
1.6 Review of chapter contents 11
Chapter 2. System modeling 12
2.1 Transmitted Signal with QAM Transmission system 13
2.2 Shaping filter 14
2.3 Channel Model 15
2.3.1 Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of received plane wave 16
2.4 Received signal with combining diversity …………….19
2.5 Signal passed through receiver filter 21
2.6 SNR and SIR calibration 22
Chapter 3. Receiver 25
3.1 Signal weighted and combined 26
3.2 Phased array antenna scheme 29
3.3 Smart antenna scheme 30
Chapter 4. Error Rate Estimate 34
4.1 Error rate estimate for QAM system 34
4.2 Series expansion technique 36
4.3 Gaussian Quadrature Rule (GQR) 37
4.3.1 Matrix of moments 38
4.4 Computation of moments 41
Chapter 5. Simulation results and comparisons 44
5.1 Simulation conditions 44
5.2 BS smart antenna beams 45
5.3 Nonfading signal and nonfading CCI case 50
5.4 Fading signal and nonfading CCI case 55
5.5 Nonading signal and fading CCI case 59
5.6 Fading signal and fading CCI case 63
5.7 Comparison 67
Chapter 6. Conclusions 72
6.1 Future works 74
References 75

References

[1]T. Suanga and S. Sampei, “Performance of multi-level QAM with post-detection maximal ratio combining space diversity for digital land-mobile radio communications,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 42, pp. 294-301, Aug. 1993.

[2]P. Balaban and J. Salz, “Optimum diversity combining and equalization in digital data transmission with applications to cellular mobile radio-part I and II: Theoretical considerations,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 885-907, May 1992.

[3]S. Chennakeshu and J. B. Anderson, “Error rates for Rayleigh fading multichannel reception of MPSK signals,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 43, pp. 338-346, Sep. 1995.

[4]Chia-Liang Liu & Kamilo Feher, “Bit error rate performance of π/4DQPSK in a frequency-selective fast Rayleigh fading channel,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, vol 40, no. 3, pp. 558-568, 1991.

[5]J. H. Winters, “Optimum combining in digital mobile radio with cochannel interference,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 528-539, 1984.

[6]Stone H. Tseng, “Optimum diversity combining and equalization over interference-limited cellular radio channel,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 103-118, Feb. 1998.

[7]N. Beaulieu, and A. Abu-Dayya “Bandwidth efficient QPSK in cochannel interference and fading,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2464-2474, Sep. 1995.

[8]S. C Lin and S. T. Chiang, “Performance of diversity reception for QPSK with cochannel Interference in a flat Rayleigh fading channel,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, vol. 3, pp. 1825-1829, Sep. 2004.

[9]R. Mostafa, A. Annamalai, and J. H. Reed, “Performance evaluation of cellular mobile radio systems with interference nulling of dominant interferers,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 326-335, Feb. 2004.

[10]Z. Zhang, M. F. Iskander, Z. Yun, and A. Host-Madsen, “Hybrid smart antenna system using directional elements-performance analysis in flat Rayleigh fading,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 2926-2935, Oct. 2003.

[11]Samhan, J. M., R. M. Shubair, and M. A. Al Qutayri, “Design and implementation of an adaptive smart antenna system,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT’06), 2006.

[12]J. C. Liberti and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications, Prentice Hall, ch. 9, 10, 1999.

[13]A. Shah and A. M. Haimovich, “Performance analysis of optimum combining in wireless communications with Rayleigh fading and cochannel interference,” IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. 46, pp. 473-479, Apr. 1998.

[14]G. H. Golub and J. H. Welsch, “Calculation of Gauss quadrature rules,” Math. Comput., vol. 23 , pp. 221-230, Apr. 1969.

[15]R. A. Sack and A. F. Donovan, “An algorithm for Gaussian quadrature given modified moments,” Numer. Math., vol. 18, 1972.

[16]M. H. Meyers, “Computing the distribution of a random via Gaussian quadrature rules,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 51, no. 9, Nov. 1972.

[17]R. S. Martin, G. Peters, and J. H. Wilkinson, “Symmertric decomposition of a positive definite matrix,” Numer. Math., no. 5, pp. 362-383, Dec. 1965.