臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去二十年來，污染防治政策大都著重於管末處理。然而，近年來固體廢棄物數量驚人，加上掩埋空間日益減少，使得管理固體廢棄物產生諸多問題。因此，如何能更有效達成廢棄物之減量、回收及再利用減少資源的浪費，一直是環境永續發展的重要課題。而產品服務化(servicizing)概念的主要目的，就是透過產品及原物料或是零件的重覆使用及再製造，有效提供資源的使用效率，減少資源的消耗及廢棄物的產生。
除此之外，隨著社會公益、環保等意識高漲，企業社會責任已逐漸成為企業經營時應予考慮且不可或缺的一環。產業界因國內、外環保法規，以及消費者對環保的要求日益嚴格，從過去管末處理的方式，處理生產過程中所產生的污染與廢棄物處理問題外，許多公司也開始發展具經濟效益之綠色設計、生態化設計，及逆物流管理。
本研究以產品服務化的概念並結合逆物流之再製造架構，建構回收與再製造之服務系統，並以筆記型電腦做為個案產品，模擬分析產品的回收再利用與再製造之過程。進而探討綠色設計對於企業在執行回收服務時之關係。結果顯示各變數(再使用率、拆解時間變異等)對此系統之績效指標(系統成本、平均流程時間等)皆有顯著的影響。建議企業應朝向綠色設計、綠色生產目標發展，不但可降低回收成本，亦可減少對環境所造成的衝擊，進而落實企業社會責任。

In the past twenty years, the pollution preventing policy is mostly emphasized on the end-of-pipe management. However, the solid becomes a very serious problem since the solid waste increased and the landfill size decreased. Therefore, it is a very important issue to reduce the solid waste volume and to increase the recycle and reuse of end-of-life products. The purpose of servicizing is to improve the resource efficiency through the recycled and remanufactured material or components. In additional, the enterprise social responsibility has been emphasized by the enterprise. Many companies not only focus on to compile the environment regulations, but also to develop the efficient green design, eco design, and reverse logistics management.
The purpose is to integrate the servicing and reverse logistics concepts to construct the product service system. In this system, a case study – notebook is simulated according to recycling and remanufacturing processes. The results shows the parameters (reuse rate and disassembly time) are significant to the performance indices (system cost and average flow time). Based on the results, it suggests that the enterprises should develop the green design and green manufacturing that not only to lower the enterprise cost but also to increase the enterprise images.

Keywords: Product service system, Green design, Reverse logistics, and Enterprise social responsibility

目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
誌 謝 III
目 錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究範圍與限制 3
1.4 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 產品服務化(Servicizing) 5
2.1.1 產品服務化之概念 5
2.1.2 產品服務化之相關名詞 5
2.1.3 產品服務系統之服務內容 7
2.1.4 產品服務化之實例 8
2.1.5 產品服務化之環境利益 9
2.2 逆物流 12
2.2.1 逆物流之定義 12
2.2.2 產品回收 13
2.2.3 維修與再製造活動 14
2.3 綠色設計 16
2.3.1 綠色設計之概念 16
2.3.2 綠色設計之議題 18
2.3.3 綠色設計之準則與方法 19
2.4 企業社會責任 20
2.4.1 企業社會責任概念之演進 20
2.4.2 企業社會責任之定義 21
2.4.3 企業社會責任之範疇 22
第三章 研究方法 24
3.1 研究架構 24
3.1.1 回收與再製造之服務系統流程 24
3.1.2 系統模型基本假設 24
3.2 模擬架構、系統參數和實驗變數的建置 27
3.2.1 模擬架構 27
3.2.2 系統參數 28
3.2.3 實驗變數 28
3.3 績效指標 29
3.4 研究工具 30
第四章 個案分析 32
4.1 個案說明 32
4.2 實驗變數設定 32
4.3 系統參數設定 33
4.4 實驗設計與模擬相關議題 35
4.5 模擬結果及分析 36
4.5.1 系統成本(SC) 36
4.5.2 服務水準(SL) 37
4.5.3 平均流程時間(AFT) 38
4.5.4 平均延遲時間(ADT) 39
4.5.5 再使用率與其他實驗變數之交互作用 40
4.6 本章總結 40
第五章 結論與建議 47
5.1 結論 47
5.2 未來研究方向 48
參考文獻 49
附錄 53
附錄A Extend模擬模式 53
附錄B 模擬次數之計算程序 58
附錄C 模擬模式之驗證程序 60
附錄D 再使用率與其它實驗變數之交互作用圖形 61

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