臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現代的商業環境中，供應鏈的競爭取代了企業與企業之間的單打獨鬥。於是，現今企業由提升本身的績效，漸漸的轉而注重整條供應鏈運作的績效。現今，創新是企業提升績效的重要手段，而知識亦被廣泛認為是企業最重要的競爭資源，其中與供應商合作的知識係企業認為最重要的知識類型之一。據此，本文擬研究企業本身創新能力(管理創新、製程創新、產品與服務創新)與供應鏈績效之關聯性，並進一步探究供應鏈夥伴間的知識創造是否會強化企業本身創新能力對供應鏈績效之影響。
本研究以台灣地區80家電腦製造業廠商為研究樣本，應用層級迴歸分析進行驗證，結果發現：(1)企業本身管理創新越高，其顧客服務績效表現越好；(2)企業本身產品製程創新能力越高，其顧客服務績效表現越好；(3)企業本身產品製程創新能力越高，其供應鏈回應表現越好；(4)當知識創造的有形化程度越高，其供應鏈回應表現越好；(5)當知識創造的內化程度越高，其供應鏈回應表現越好；(6)當有形化程度越高時，會弱化產品製程創新對顧客服務績效的正向影響；(7)當內化程度越高時，會弱化產品製程創新對顧客服務績效的正向影響。

In today’s business environment, competition has moved from one individual firm fighting against another to competitions between supply chains. And enterprises have also changed their focus from their own performance improvement to that of the operations of the entire supply chain. Innovation has become the major source of enterprise performance improvement, and knowledge has been recognized as the most important competitive resource – especially the knowledge in the cooperation with company’s suppliers. This thesis studies the relationship between innovation capability (management innovation, process innovation, product and service innovation, etc.) and supply chain performance; and it takes one step further to explore whether knowledge creation among supply chain partners may increase the impact of enterprise innovation capability on its supply chain performance.
This research applies Hierarchical Regression Analysis (HRA) to data collected from 80 computers manufacturers in Taiwan. Results show that, (1) administrative innovation positively impacts customer service performance; (2) product and process innovation positively affect customer service performance; (3) product and process innovation positively affect supply chain responsiveness; (4) the level of the tangibility of knowledge creating among supply chain partners positively affect supply chain responsiveness; (5) the level of the internalization of knowledge creating among supply chain partners positively affect supply chain responsiveness;
(6) high level of tangibility could weaken the positive effect of product and process innovation on customer service performance;
(7) high level of internalization could weaken the positive effect of product and process innovation on customer service performance.

指導教授推薦書 i
口試委員會審定書 ii
明志科大學位論文授權書 iii
博碩士論文授權書 iv
誌謝 v
摘 要 vi
Abstract vii
目錄 viii
表目錄 xiii
圖目錄 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與背景 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究流程 5
1.4 章節結構 7
第二章 文獻探討 9
2.1 資源依賴理論 9
2.2 創新能力 13
2.3 知識創造 18
2.4 供應鏈績效 21
2.5 創新能力、知識創造與供應鏈績效相關研究探討 25
2.6 文獻評述 27
第三章 研究方法 30
3.1 概念性架構 30
3.2 變數操作型定義 31
3.3 問卷設計 34
3.4 研究假設 43
3.5 抽樣設計與內容 47
3.6 專家訪談 48
3.7 資料分析程序 49
3.8 信度與效度 50
第四章 研究結果 52
4.1 樣本結構分析 52
4.2 描述性統計分析 54
4.3 相關分析與前提假說檢定 56
4.4 研究假說驗證 61
4.5 分析與討論 66
4.6 深度訪談 76
第五章 結論與建議 80
5.1 結論 80
5.2 管理意涵 82
5.3 研究貢獻 85
5.4 研究限制 86
5.5 未來研究方向 87
參考文獻 88
附錄一、正式問卷 95
附錄二、專家訪談大綱一 98
附錄三、專家訪談紀錄一 100
附錄四、專家訪談大綱二 102
附錄五、專家訪談紀錄二 105

表目錄
表1-1 章節結構 8
表2-1 資源依賴理論之核心概念彙整 10
表2-2 資源依賴理論與供應鏈內容彙整 12
表2-3 創新定義彙整 14
表2-4 創新能力衡量彙整表 17
表2-5 供應鏈績效衡量彙整表 23
表2-6 各構面研究相關結果彙整 28
表3-1 創新能力操作化定義 31
表3-2 知識創造操作化定義 32
表3-3 供應鏈績效操作化定義 33
表3-4 創新能力構面題項 35
表3-5 知識創造構面題項 36
表3-6 供應鏈績效構面題項 37
表3-7 專家問卷預內容 38
表3-8 創新能力之因素分析結果 40
表3-9 知識創造之因素分析結果 41
表3-10 供應鏈績效之因素分析結果 42
表3-11 深度訪談表 48
表3-12 信度分析表 51
表4-1 樣本代表性檢定 53
表4-2 樣本資料分析表 53
表4-3 問卷各題項之平均值與標準差 55
表4-4 各變項之相關係數矩陣表 56
表4-5 顧客服務績效之迴歸分析結果 62
表4-6 供應鏈回應之迴歸分析結果 64
表4-7 研究假設結果整理 66
表4-8 有形化程度與產品製程創新的平均數列聯表 71
表4-9 內化程度與產品製程創新的平均數列聯表 73
表4-10 受訪者基本資料 76
表4-11 創新能力與供應鏈績效之關係研究結果與受訪者結果對照表 76
表4-12 知識創造與供應鏈績效之關係研究結果與受訪者結果對照表 77
表4-13 知識創造對創新能力與供應鏈績效之關係研究結果與受訪者結果對照表 78

圖目錄
圖1-1 本研究之研究流程 6
圖2-1 SECI 模式. 20
圖3-1 概念性架構 30
圖4-1 顧客服務績效殘差及預測值交叉散布圖 57
圖4-2 顧客服務績效累積常態機率圖 58
圖4-3 顧客服務績效標準化殘差直方圖 58
圖4-4 供應鏈回應殘差及預測值交叉散布圖 59
圖4-5 供應鏈回應累積常態機率圖 60
圖4-6 供應鏈回應標準化殘差直方圖 60
圖4-7 產品製程創新與有形化對顧客服務績效之交互作用圖 71
圖4-8 產品製程創新與內化對顧客服務績效之交互作用圖 73

1.台灣區電機電子工業同業公會(2009)，台灣區電機電子工業同業公會會員名錄：2008-2009年，台北市：台灣區電機電子工業同業公會。
2.田維國(2005)，「知識管理推動力、流程與組織績效關係之研究」，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
3.江正信(2000)，「高階經營團隊與企業策略決策模式、組織學習傾向、創新能力及經營績效之關係研究」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
4.行政院勞工委員會行業指南(2006)，「電腦、通信及視聽電子產品製造業」，2009年3月2日取自行政院勞工委員會行業職業就業指南e網，網址http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/careerguide/defult/index.asp。
5.何登祥(2005)，「知識創造、知識管理滿意度與資訊科技關聯性之研究」，國立高雄第一科技大學資訊管理所碩士論文。
6.吳思華、劉常勇、李仁芳、吳豐祥、劉文卿、方世杰(1998)，「知識流通對產業創新影響之研究」，國科會整合型研究計畫：NSC88-3011-P004-001。
7.吳萬益、譚大純(2000)，「知識創造、組織學習、創新因素與組織創新績效之研究－我國高科技與傳統產業之比較研究」，國科會專題研究成果報告：NSC89-2416-H006-009-SSS。
8.李國樑(2000)，「技術策略、技術創新能力與創新管理之關係研究－以台灣生物科技產業為例」，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。
9.周繼文(2005)，「知識取得、知識移轉與創新能力關聯性之研究」，國防管理學院資源管理研究所碩士論文。
10.林其平(2000) ，「臺灣主機板業廠商對上游供應商之選擇因素及對現況滿意程度之研究」，銘傳大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
11.林涵妮(1999)，「影響國小教育人員接受創新態度與教學科技接受程度因素之研究」，臺南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
12.林義屏(2001)，「市場導向、組織學習、組織創新與組織績效間關係之研究-以科學園區資訊電子產業為例」，國立中山大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
13.林福仁、林煌基(2003)，「資訊分享以強化時基競爭力：臺灣半導體產業供應鏈資訊整合之研究」，中山管理評論，第11卷第3期，533-570頁。
14.林東清(2003)，知識管理，台北市：智勝文化事業公司。
15.洪昆裕(2001)，「知識管理機制與企業創新能力關係之研究」，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
16.張忠謀(2001)，張忠謀自傳，增訂版，臺北市：天下遠見出版社。
17.莊素玉(2003)，「張忠謀：要負責任的終身學習」，天下雜誌，281期，94－100頁。.
18.莊素玉(2003)，「臺積電：發動願景--張忠謀 比A+看得更遠」天下雜誌，284期，196－200頁。
19.許財良(2003)，「廠商創新能力、產業發展與政府科技政策對科學園區廠商競爭優勢及績效影響之研究」，國立成功大學企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文。
20.連于慧(2008)，「PC供應鏈唇亡齒寒 業界大老為台DRAM廠請命」，2009年3月2日取自科技Digitmes網站：http://www.digitimes.com.tw/tw/dt/n/shwnws.asp?id=0000116041_4J21N1EX3WV9KO2TSXTVF&ct=1。
21.陳志遠(2001)，「知識特質、企業文化與知識管理策略關係之實證研究」，國科會專題研究成果報告：NSC89-2416-H224-037。
22.陳盈如(2006)，「知識創造對組織績效的影響」，國立成功大學國際管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
23.趙琪(2001)，「資源依賴與交易成本對海外子公司控制機制之影響－臺灣企業與大陸子公司之實證研究」，中山管理評論，春季號，第9卷，第1期，87-109頁。
24.劉嘉雄(2002)，「影響企業創新績效之組織因素研究：以台灣地區製造業為例」，靜宜大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
25.蔡啟通(1997)，「組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係」，台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
26.蔡啟通、黃國隆、高泉豐(2001)，「組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係」，管理學報，第18卷，第4期，頁527-566.
27.鄧平南(2003)，「電子採購價值對買方企業供應鏈績效之影響：以製造業體系電子化為例」，靜宜大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
28.賴秋燕(2003) ，「組織內外在因素、事業網路互動強度與組織創新績效之關聯性研究」，成功大學企業管理學系碩博士班所碩士論文。
29.謝甄晏(2001)，「市場導向、市場知識管理、產品創新與績效之實證研究－以台灣高科技產業為例」，國立雲林科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士論文。
31.Ajero, J. (2002), “Innovation key to success,” Business World, Oct 31, 2002, p.1.
32.Alavi, M, and Leidner, D.E. (1999) “Knowledge Management Systems: Issues, Challenges and Benefits,” Communications of the AIS, 1(2), pp. 1-37.
33.Antony P. and Injazz J.C. (2007), “Environmental uncertainty and strategic supply management: A resource dependence perspective and performance implications,” Journal of Supply Chain Management; 43(3). p.29
34.Barut, M., Faisst, W., and Kanet J. J. (2002), “Measuring supply chain coupling: An information system perspective,” European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 8(3), pp. 161-171.
35.Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R. (2001), “Organizational knowledge management: A contingency perspective,” Journal of Management Information System, 18(1), pp. 23-55,
36.Benton, W.C. and Krajewski, L.J. (1990), “Vendor performance and alternative manufacturing environment,” Decision Sciences, 21(2), pp. 403-415.
37.Betz, F. (1987), Managing technology-competing through new ventures—innovation, and corporate research, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
38.Bierly III, P. and Daly, P. (2002), “Aligning human resource management pratices and knowledge strategies: A theoretical framework, in C. W. Choo and N. Bontis (eds.),” The Strategic Manageent of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledg, New York: Oxford University Press.
39.Byrd, T.A. and Davidson, N.W (2003), “Examining possible antecedents of IT impact on the supply chain and its effect on firm performance,” Information and Management, 41(2), pp. 243-255.
40.Cachon, G.P., and Fisher, M. (2000), “Supply chain inventory management and the value of shared information,” Management Science, 46(8), pp. 1032-1048.
41.Chacke, G.K. (1998), Technology management—applications to corporate markets and military mission, New York: Praeger.
42.Chan, F.T.S. and Qi, H.J. (2003), “Feasibility of performance measurement system for supply chain: A process-based approach and measures integrated manufacturing system,” Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14(3), pp. 179-190.
43.Chen, C. and Lin, B. (2002), “The effects of formation motives and interfirm diversity on the performance of strategic alliance,” Asia Pacific Management Review, 7(2), pp. 139-166.
44.Chen, I.J. and Paulraj, A. and Lado A. (2004), “Strategic purchasing, supply management, and firm performance,” Journal of Operations Management, 22(5), pp. 505-523.
45.Chen, I.J. and Paulraj, A. (2004), “Towards a theory of supply chain management: The constructs and measurements,” Journal of Operations Management, 22(2), pp. 119-150.
46.Chou, S.W. (2005), “Knowledge creation: absorptive capacity, organizational mechanisms, and knowledge storage/retrieval capabilities,” Journal of Information Science, 31(6), pp. 453-465.
47.Chuang, L.M. (2005), “An empirical study of the construction of measuring model for organization innovation in Taiwanese High-tech enterprises,” Journal of American Academy of Business, 6(1), pp. 299-304.
48.Clark, J. and Guy, K. (1998), “Innovation and competitiveness: A review,” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10(3), pp. 363-395.
49.Cooper, R.G. (1994), “New products: The factors that drive success,” International Marketing Review, 11(1), pp. 60-76.
50.Damanpour, F. and Gopalakrishnan, S. (1998), “Theories of organizational structure and innovation adoption: the role of environmental change,” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 15(1), pp. 1-24.
51.Damanpour, F. and Evan, W.M. (1984), “Organizational innovation and performance: The problem of organizational lag,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(3), pp. 392-409.
52.Damanpour, F., Szabat, K.A. and Evan W.M. (1989), “The relationship between types of innovation and organizational performance,” Journal of Management Studies, 26(6), pp. 587-602.
53.Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L. (1997), Information ecology: mastering the information and knowledge environment, New York: Oxford University Press.
54.Delmas, M.A. (2002), “Innovating against European rigidities: Institutional environment and dynamic capabilities”, Journal of High Technology Management Research, 13(1), pp. 19-43.
55.Demsetz, H. (1991), “The theory of the firm revisited,” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 4(1), pp. 141-161.
56.Drucker, P.F. (1994), “The theory of business,” Harvard Business Review, 72(5), pp. 95-104.
57.Eng, T.Y. (2005), “The influence of a firm’s cross-functional orientation on supply chain performance,” Journal of Supply chain Management, 41(4), pp. 4-16.
58.Franken, A., and Braganza, A. (2006), “Organisational forms and knowledge management: One size fits all?” International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 1(1/2), pp. 18-37.
59.Froelich, K.A. (1999), “Diversification of revenue strategies: Evolving resource dependence in nonprofit organizations,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 28(3), pp. 246-268.
60.Grant, R.M. (1996), “Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration,” Organization Science, 7(4), pp. 375-388.
61.Gronhang, K. and Kaufmann, G. (1990), “Innovation: a cross-disciplinary perspective,” R and D Management, 20(2), pp. 187-188.
62.Guan, J. and Ma, N. (2003), “Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms,” Technovation, 23(9), pp. 737-747.
63.Gulati, R., Nohria, N. and Zaheer, A. (2000), “Strategic networks,” Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), pp. 203-215.
64.Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998), Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
65.Harrison, N., and Samson, D. (2002), Technology management: Text and international cases, Boston: McGraw-Hill.
66.Hedlund, G. (1994), “A model of knowledge management and the n-form corporation,” Strategic Management Journa, 15(S2), pp. 73-90.
67.Shin, H., Collier. D.A., and Wilson, D.D. (2000), “Supply management orientation and supplier/buyer performance,” Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), pp. 317–333.
68.Holt, K. (1988), “The role of the user in product innovation,” Technovation, 7(3), pp. 249-258.
69.Hsueh, L.M., and Tu, Y.Y. (2004), “Innovation and the operational performance of newly established small and medium enterprises in Taiwan,” Small Business Economics, 23(2), pp. 99-113.
70.Hult, G.T.M., Hurley, R.F., and Knight, G.A., (2004), “Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance,” Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), pp. 429– 438.
71.Inkpen, A.C. (1996), “Creating knowledge through collaboration”, California Management Review, 39(1), pp. 123-140.
72.Jarillo, J. C. (1988), “On strategic network,” Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), pp. 31-41.
73.Han, J.K., Kim, N., and Srivastava, R.K. (1998), “Market orientation and organizational performance: Is innovation a missing link?” Journal of Marketing, 62(4), pp. 30-45.
74.Khan, A.M. and Manopichetwattana, V. (1989), “Innovative and noninnovative small firms: Types and Characteristics,” Management Science, 35(5), pp. 597-606.
75.Lehmann, D.R. and O'Shaughnessy, J. (1982), “Decision criteria used in buying different categories of products,” Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 18(1), pp. 9-14.
76.Leiponen, A. (2006), “Managing knowledge for innovation: The case of business-to-business services,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(3), pp. 238-258.
77.Lin, C.H., and Wu, C.N. (2005), “A knowledge creation model for ISO 9001: 2000,” Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 16(5), pp. 657-670.
78.Linderman, K., Schroeder, R. G., Zaheer, S., Liedtke, C., and Choo, A. S. (2004), “Integrating quality management practices with knowledge creation processes,” Journal of Operations Management, 22(6), pp 589-607.
79.Marquis, D.G. (1969), “The anatomy of successful innovation,” Innovation, 7, pp.28-37.
80.Matusik, S.F. and Heeley, M.B. (2005), “Absorptive capacity in the software industry: Identifying dimensions that affect knowledge and knowledge creation activities,” Journal of Management, 31(4), pp. 549-572.
81.Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Bjorkman, I., Fey, C.F., and Park, H.J. (2003), “MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM,” Journal of International Business Studies, 34(6), pp. 586-599.
82.Murray, J.Y. (2001), “Strategic alliance-based global sourcing strategy for competitive advantage: A conceptual framework and research propositions,” Journal of International Marketing, 9(4), pp. 30-58.
83.Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, New York: Oxford University Press.
84.Nonaka, I., Reinmoller, P., Toyama, R. (2001), "Integrated information technology systems for knowledge creation", in Dierkes, M., Berthoin Antal, A., Child, J., Nonaka, I. (Eds), Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.827-48.
85.Osborn, R.N. and Hagedoorn, J. (1997), “The institutionalization and evolutionary dynamics of interorganizational alliances and networks,” Academy of Management Journal, 40(2), pp. 261-278.
86.Pai, C. D. (2005), “Knowledge strategies in Taiwan’s IC design firms,” Journal of American Academy of Business, 7(2), pp. 73-77.
87.Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G.R. (1978), The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective, New York: Haper & Row.
88.Pisano, G.P. (1994), “Knowledge, integration, and the locus of learning: An empirical analysis of process development,” Strategic management Journal, 15(S1), pp. 85-100.
89.Porter, M.E. & Fuller, R. (1986), “Coalitions and Global Strategy,” in Porter, M.E. (eds.), Competition in global industries, Boston: Harvard Business Press, pp.315-344.
90.Powell, W.W. (1990), “Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization,” Research in Organizational Behavior, 12, pp. 295-336.
91.Rogers, E.M. (1995), Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
92.Samson, D. (1991), Manufacturing and operations strategy, New York: Prentice Hall.
93.Sanders, N.R., and Premus, R. (2002), “IT applications in supply chain organizations: A link between competitive priorities and organizational benefits,” Journal of Business Logistics, 23(1), pp. 65-83.
94.Santomero, A.M. and Trester, J. J. (1998), “Financial innovation and bank risk taking,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 35(1), pp. 25-37.
95.Schumpeter, J.A., (2002), “The economy as a whole: Seventh chapter of The theory of economic development,” Industry and Innovation , 9(1/2), pp. 93-145.
96.Scott, W.R. (2003),Organizations: Rational, natural, and open systems(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
97.Shepherd, C., Gunter, H. (2006), “Measuring supply chain performance: current research and future directions,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(3/4), pp. 242-258
98.Tidd, J., Bessant, J. and Pavitt K. (2001), Managing innovation: Integrating technological, market and organizational change (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons.
99.Un, C.A., and Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2004), “Strategies for knowledge creation in Firms,” British Journal of Management, 15(S1), S27-S41.
100.Vonderembse, M.A. and Tracey, M. (1999), “The impact of supplier selection criteria and supplier involvement on manufacturing Performance,” Journal Of Supply Chain Management, 35(3), pp. 33-39.
101.Wilson, D.T. (1995), “An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), pp. 335-345.
102.Wrenn, S.M. (1994), “Factors in choosing a communications test equipment supplier,” Telecommunications, 28(2), pp. 53-54.
103.Zahra, S.A. and George, G. (2002), “Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension,” The Academy of Management Review, 27(2), pp. 185-203