臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

特定的環境會產生特定的沉積物組合，砂岩的組成分析對於探討其來源是很重要的研究。一般而言，距離來源區越遠，收到來源區沉積物量就會越少，即會以來源區為基準向下游區遞減。常用來討論砂岩組成的端成分有：穩定石英顆粒、單晶質長石顆粒以及不穩定多晶岩石質碎屑。視各端成份相對含量，可以區分出幾種大的來源區：一、大陸區塊來源（Continental block provenances）。二、再次造山來源（Recycled orogen provenances）。三、火山島弧來源（Magmatic arc provenances）。
恆春半島位處於構造複雜的弧陸碰撞帶，附近有大陸邊緣、碰撞造山帶以及火山島弧等多種系統的複雜來源，因此本研究試著提出較詳細的岩屑分類及新的端成份，以不同的觀點切入探討。恆春半島在中新世時期有三大可能沉積物來源：以石英及長石為主的花岡岩質的大陸邊緣、沉積岩及低度變質岩為主台灣本島和以火成岩跟變質岩為主島弧及增積岩體區塊。研究中的三個地層整體雖有著相類似的組成，但可分成樂水砂岩以岩屑為主，鉻尖晶石於樂水砂岩上段出現，可推估墾丁混同岩體生成可能年代為樂水砂岩上段沉積年代；牡丹層則受火成岩岩屑控制分東西兩段，數量上西段較東段多；里龍山砂岩可以變質岩岩屑的多寡分上下段，從下段往上段漸漸增多，進一步推估鄰近沉積物來源區快速隆升時間可能為其上段沉積時間。

The petrographic study of sandstones in term of composition is very important to infer their source provenance. Three provenances are recognized previously i.e., continental block provenance, recycled orogen provenance and magmatic arc provenance. The components of sandstone used to discuss the source provenance are stable quartzose grains, feldspar grains and lithic fragments.
Hengchun Peninsula is located in a complex arc-continent collision zone, three source provenances previously mentioned are recognized. Of continental block provenance the main components are quartz and feldspar of granitic rock from continental margin, the recycled orogen provenance are sedimentary rocks and low grade metamorphic rocks from Taiwan, magmatic arc provenance are igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks accretionary rocks.
There are three main strata in Hengchun Peninsula, their composition of sandstones are similar. The sandstones of Loshui member consists mainly of lithic fragments, however chromium spinel occurs in its upper member, this inters the age of mélange is that of upper Loshui member. There are distinguished difference in quantity of igneous lithic fragments between eastern part and western part of Mutan member. The quantity of metamorphic lithic fragments is different in lower part and upper part of Lilonshan member, this infer the age of upper part Lilonshan member is that of lower lift of source area.

章節目錄
摘要........................................................Ⅰ
Abstract.....................................................Ⅱ
誌謝........................................................Ⅲ
章節目錄....................................................Ⅳ
表目錄......................................................Ⅵ
圖目錄......................................................Ⅶ
第一章 緒論.................................................1
1.1 前言................................................1
1.2 研究區域及地質背景..................................4
1.2.1 樂水砂岩......................................4
1.2.2 牡丹層........................................5
1.2.3 里龍山砂岩....................................6
1.3 前人研究............................................6
1.3.1 地層..........................................7
1.3.2 古生物........................................9
1.3.3 沉積物來源....................................9
1.3.4 大地構造......................................9
1.4 研究目的...........................................11
第二章 理論基礎............................................12
2.1 沉積岩組成.........................................12
2.2 粒徑效應...........................................14
2.3 顆粒分類及來源探討.................................14
第三章 研究方法............................................18
3.1 採樣方式...........................................18
3.2 顆粒分類依據及其意義...............................18
3.2.1 石英.........................................21
3.2.2 長石.........................................29
3.2.3 岩屑.........................................30
3.2.4 重礦物.......................................32
3.3 顆粒統計法.........................................35
第四章 資料分析與討論......................................36
4.1 樂水砂岩...........................................36
4.2 里龍山砂岩.........................................42
4.3 牡丹層.............................................43
第五章 結論................................................46
參考文獻....................................................47

表目錄
表1 恆春半島不同地層劃分柱狀圖比較..........................8
表2 狄金遜砂岩組成分類表...................................15
表3 本研究砂岩組成分類表...................................20
表4 砂岩組成成分表.........................................38

圖目錄
圖1-1 恆春半島地質圖........................................2
圖1-2 恆春半島地理位置圖....................................3
圖1-3 恆春半島有孔蟲年代分布圖.............................10
圖2-1 砂岩組成描繪.........................................13
圖2-2 粒徑效應.............................................13
圖2-3 沉積物來源構造分區三角圖.............................16
圖2-4 三大沉積物構造來源區.................................16
圖3-1 標本採樣位置圖.......................................19
圖3-2 單晶質石英顆粒.......................................22
圖3-3 多晶質石英岩屑.......................................23
圖3-4 長石顆粒.............................................24
圖3-5 火成岩岩屑...........................................25
圖3-6 變質岩岩屑...........................................26
圖3-7 沉積岩岩屑...........................................27
圖3-8 鉻尖晶石顆粒.........................................28
圖3-9 出露地表含鉻尖晶石之超基性岩岩塊.....................34
圖3-10 鉻尖晶石電子顯微照片.................................34
圖4-1 挑選後採樣點分布圖...................................37
圖4-2 QFL三角成分圖.......................................36
圖4-3 QmFLt三角成分圖.....................................36
圖4-4 樂水砂岩中厚層砂岩底部之碳質碎塊.....................41
圖4-5 碳化小型樹幹.........................................41
圖4-6 樂水砂岩各點火成岩屑百分比圖.........................42
圖4-7 里龍山砂岩各點變質岩屑百分比圖.......................44
圖4-8 牡丹層各點火成岩岩屑百分比...........................44

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