臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為因應未來民航運輸成長需求，國際間開始建置通訊、導航、監視/空中交通管理(Communications, Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management, CNS/ATM)系統，其中包含全球定位系統(Global Positioning System, GPS)的應用。根據美國聯邦航空總署所發佈的文件AC 90-100A，當滿足TSO-C129 規範的GPS 接收機單獨使用在區域航行(Area Navigation, RNAV)時，必須要事先確認航路上的接收機自主完整性監測(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring, RAIM)資訊。因此成功大學民航研究所與民航局合作發展一RAIM 預測系統(RAIM Prediction System, RPS)支援新一代的空中交通管理系統，RPS 主要是針對台北飛航情報區提供未來72 小時接收機自主完整性監測的預測資訊。除此之外，為了讓機場操作員有能力監測出無法預測的情況，本文還發展一即時接收機自主完整性監測系統(Real Time RAIM System)。
RPS 的架構包含透過網頁顯示的使用者介面以及與ATM 系統之間的TCP/IP 連線。RPS 會透過星曆計算未來的衛星位置，藉此預測指定時間的指定地點的RAIM 資訊，再將預測的結果顯示在網頁上，使用者便可以透過網路，依據不同的需求調整環境條件，取得適用於使用者任務需求的RAIM 資訊。除此之外，RPS 也依照民航局
ATM 系統的需求設計TCP/IP 連線，讓航管人員可以透過ATM 系統的使用者介面讀取RPS 傳送的RAIM 資訊。
然而，有鑑於RPS 不具備即時監控衛星導航系統訊號之能力，因此本文接著發展RTRS，目的是為了進一步找出產生非預期性錯誤之衛星，同時即時提供使用者GPS 服務的完整性資訊和可提供服務性能之結果，藉此提供使用者獲得更完整的衛星導航系統效能，並將RTRS 運算結果利用圖形化介面顯示。

This work develops a Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) Prediction System (RPS) to provide the 72-hour RAIM prediction information about Taipei Flight Information Region (FIR) to the new Air Traffic Management (ATM) system.
Furthermore, as for monitoring the unscheduled faults of GPS for airports in Taipei FIR, this work also develops a Real Time RAIM System (RTRS) for airport operators. The architecture of RPS includes one web-based service and one TCP/IP communication channel to the ATM system. The RAIM fault detection algorithm of the RPS is based on Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) DO-208, and it provides the GPS RAIM predictions for the terminal and Non-Precision Approach (NPA) operations. The RPS routinely acquires the most recent GPS YUMA almanac to determine the GPS constellation in one minute resolution for a 72-hour period, and the RPS automatically obtains the Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR Users (NANU) to indicate any change of the GPS satellite status. If there are any GPS RAIM outages predicted by the RPS, then it would indicate the location and duration of these outages for certain operations. The web-based service provides the current GPS status, the availability tool, the NPA tool, and the visibility tool. Additionally, the RPS establishes a TCP/IP connection with the ATM system for transmitting the forecast message in XML schema, and airport operators can reach the forecast results from the ATM system for Taipei FIR.
The other branch of this work is to develop a RTRS to detect the unscheduled GPS faults within the Time-To-Alert (TTA) for certain operations, and it would exclude the source of the unacceptably large position error using a Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) algorithm. The RAIM/FDE algorithms of this RTRS are based on RTCA DO-229D. This RTRS includes a Graphic User Interface (GUI) to show the real time status of GPS satellites in view and issues the Notice To Airmen (NOTAM) text messages to aviation users.
Accordingly, this thesis will first describe the development and implementation of the RPS for TSO-C129 GPS RAIM availability prediction to meet AC 90-100A requirement. The design and uses of the RPS web-based service will be detailed in this thesis as well. Second, it will explain the TCP/IP communication interface between the RPS and the new ATM system for NPA operation. Third, the development and implementation of the RTRS will be discussed. Finally, the future plans to enhance both RPS and RTRS for the CNS/ATM project in Taipei FIR will be investigated.

摘要 .............................................................................. I
ABSTRACT ........................................................................ III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................... V
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................ VI
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................... IX
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................. XII
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ........................................................... XIII
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview ............................................... 1
1.1 Introduction to Global Positioning System ..................................... 1
1.2 Introduction to Air Traffic Management ........................................ 3
1.3 Introduction to Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring ...................... 3
1.4 Introduction to Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR User ............................... 4
1.5 Introduction to Notice to Airmen .............................................. 5
1.6 Motivation .................................................................... 7
1.7 Priori Art .................................................................... 9
1.7.1 United States VOLPE Center RAIM Prediction System .......................... 10
1.7.2 Airservices Australia RAIM Prediction System ............................... 11
1.7.3 EUROCONTROL RAIM Prediction System ......................................... 12
1.8 Thesis Organization .......................................................... 13
Chapter 2 GPS Error Analysis ..................................................... 15
2.1 GPS Measurement Model and Error Sources ...................................... 15
2.2 Gaussian Distribution ........................................................ 17
2.3 Satellite Geometry and Dilution of Precision ................................. 19
2.4 Conclusions .................................................................. 24
Chapter 3 Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring ............................... 26
3.1 Weighted Least Square Residuals Method ....................................... 26
3.2 Approximate Radial-Error Protected Method .................................... 31
3.3 Fault Detection and Exclusion Algorithm ...................................... 37
3.4 Conclusions .................................................................. 40
Chapter 4 RAIM Prediction System and Real Time RAIM System ....................... 41
4.1 The RAIM Prediction System ................................................... 41
4.1.1 RPS Architecture ........................................................... 42
4.1.2 RPS Requirements ........................................................... 43
4.1.3 RPS Functions .............................................................. 44
4.2 The Real Time RAIM System .................................................... 50
4.2.1 The Architecture of RTRS ................................................... 51
4.2.2 The RTRS Requirements ...................................................... 52
4.2.3 The RTRS Graphic User Interface ............................................ 54
4.3 Conclusions .................................................................. 56
Chapter 5 Performance Evaluations of RPS and RTRS ................................ 57
5.1 The GPS Status Page of the RPS................................................ 57
5.2 The Availability Tool Page of the RPS ........................................ 61
5.3 The NPA Tool Page of the RPS ................................................. 64
5.4 Visibility Tool Page of RPS .................................................. 65
5.5 The Connection Results of the RPS and ATM System ............................. 68
5.6 The Operation Results of the Real Time RAIM System GUI ....................... 71
5.7 Conclusions .................................................................. 76
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work ............................................ 77
6.1 Conclusions .................................................................. 77
6.2 Future Work .................................................................. 77
References ....................................................................... 79

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