臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要希望瞭解手持重物對於立定跳遠之影響為何，並探討其影響機制。根據過去的研究中所建構之人體模型，建立五肢段剛體模型，透過四個無摩擦力關節連接足、腳、腿、軀幹與頭、手等肢段，每個關節有可主動屈曲、伸直、放鬆之關節力矩。
本研究模擬之動作分為兩個階段：第一期使用該五肢段人體模型模擬，直至腳尖離地瞬間；而後採用身體質心作質點拋物線運算。起始姿勢皆為空手時穩定站立之平衡狀態，手中固定0至10公斤之重物進行立定跳遠。目標函數為落地時質心與起跳前腳尖之水平距離。採用電腦模擬最佳化運算，而得出該模型持不同重物時的最佳運動表現。
根據所得結果進行運動學與動力學分析討論，發現手持重物立定跳遠中，重物重量與運動表現經迴歸方式分析約略呈現二次函數關係式，當手持重物在5至8公斤之間有較佳運動表現。此外，增進運動表現的機制可能是由於適當的重物誘發出更多關節力矩作功。

The purpose of this study is to investigate how and why holding extra weight affects standing long jump performance. Two phases, including the preflight and flight phases, are simulated in this study. The model consists of five segments (feet, shanks, thighs, head and trunk, and arms) connected by four frictionless joints. All the joints could actively flex, extend, and relax. This five-segment model is to simulate the preflight phase. And after jump takeoff, the human body is modeled as a particle in the flight phase.
In the preflight phase, model movements start from the same starting position which is a static standing posture without extra weights on hands (actually the wrist joint). Next, point weights ranging from 0 to 10 kilograms are fixed on hands to simulate standing long jumps. The objective function is the horizontal distance between the center of mass at landing and toe position before takeoff.
From kinetic and kinematic analysis, it is found that the relationship between extra weights and performances is close to a quadratic function. Better jumping performance is achieved when the extra weight is between 5 and 8 kilograms. It is concluded that the mechanism of improved performance is caused by generating greater joint torque with appropriate extra weight.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
附錄圖 VIII
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 問題背景 1
第三節 研究目的 2
第四節 研究範圍 3
第五節 研究限制 3
第六節 名詞解釋 3
第貳章 文獻探討 5
第一節 立定跳遠 5
第二節 手持重物立定跳遠 6
第三節 總結 8
第參章 研究方法 10
第肆章 研究結果 13
第一節 立定跳遠成績 13
第二節 運動學 14
一、 質心位置與速度 14
二、 關節角度與角速度 17
第三節 動力學 17
一、 地面反作用力作功 17
二、 關節作功 18
第伍章 討論與結論 21
第一節 手持重物立定跳遠最佳化模擬之效度 21
第二節 立定跳遠成績 21
第三節 因素探討－運動學 22
第四節 因素探討－動力學 22
第五節 結論 23
第六節 建議 24
參考文獻 25

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