臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在無線通訊系統中，使用傳統全向性天線，訊號的傳輸易受到多重路徑衰減
(multi-path fading)和同類信號干擾的影響而遭受破壞，為此，我們常希望能透過改
變天線波束方向與形狀來達到減少同頻干擾的效應，以及因多重路徑傳輸所造成的信號
衰弱現象，以增加訊號增益，提高通訊品質。在本論文中，我們將提出一個採用平面印
刷電路板技術所實現的2.45GHz 切換波束式天線。本篇論文的第一個主題是先設計一個
二維多埠分波器。由於後設材料(metamaterials)具有很多獨特的性質，我們利用蕈狀
結構來設計一個二維複合左右手傳輸線(composite right/left handed transmission
line)，並利用後設材料的無限波長特性來設計出二維無限波長多埠分波器，並運用在
後面的切換波束天線上。在第二個主題中，我們將提出一個新型的切換波束天線，結合
了我們所設計的二維多埠分波器、PIN 二極體控制電路，與具單波束指向性的彎折式半
波長偶極天線。透過利用PIN 二極體的導通與否，來激發一支天線、或同時激發兩支天
線做波束合成，使得主波束有45 度的旋轉可能，於整個平面共可提供八種方位以配合
實際應用需求。設計出來的天線具有尺寸適中、容易設計以及不錯的天線輻射特性。

In wireless communications, using traditional omni�駤irectional antennas will be
subjected to the effect of multi�髹ath fading and co�駥hannel interference. Thus, we often
hope to change the direction and the shape of the antenna beams to increase the signal
gain and improve communication quality. In this thesis, we present a PIN�駤iode�駥ontrolled
beam�鮀witching antenna operating at 2.45GHz which can be realized by planar printed
circuit board. A two�駤imensional N�髹ort power divider is proposed in the first topic. Since
metamaterials exhibit many specific electromagnetic properties, we use 2�鋻 mushroom
structure to create 2�鋻 composite right/left�駩anded transmission line, and design our 2�鋻
N�髹ort power divider using infinite wavelength phenomena. In the second topic, we
combine the 2�鋻 N�髹ort power divider, PIN�駤iode�駥ontrolled circuit, and meander line half
wave dipole with single beam to realize a novel beam�鮀witching antenna. By controlling
the PIN�駤iodes, the proposed antenna provides eight directivities, and each directive
pattern can be rotated by 45 degrees with different switching states. The antenna we
present in this thesis is easy to design. It also has medium dimension and good radiation
performance.

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝 ……………………………………………………………… iii
目錄 ……………………………………………………………… iv
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………… vi
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………… vii
一、 導論………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 工程背景與研究動機……………………………………… 1
1.2 章節內容介紹……………………………………………… 2
二、 後設材料 …………………………………………………… 4
2.1 概述………………………………………………………… 4
2.2 人造傳輸線………………………………………………… 5
2.3 人造傳輸線的工作原理 …………………………………… 6
2.4 人造傳輸線的實現………………………………………… 9
2.4.1 一維複合左右手傳輸線…………………………………… 10
2.4.2 二維蕈狀結構複合左右手傳輸線………………………… 11
2.5 人造傳輸線的應用………………………………………… 13
2.5.1 導波應用…………………………………………………… 13
2.5.2 輻射及折射應用…………………………………………… 14
三、 二維無限波長多埠分波器………………………………… 16
3.1 概述………………………………………………………… 16
3.2 零階共振…………………………………………………… 16
3.2.1 原理 ………………………………………………………… 16
3.2.2 電路實現…………………………………………………… 18
3.2.3 零階共振特性……………………………………………… 19
3.3 無限波長的N 埠串接分波器……………………………… 21
3.4 二維無限波長多埠分波器………………………………… 23
3.4.1 二維三埠分波器之架構與設計原理 …………………… 24
3.4.2 二維四埠分波器…………………………………………… 31
3.4.3 模擬結果與實作量測……………………………………… 32
3.4.4 萃取等效電路 ……………………………………………… 40
3.4.5 心得與討論 ……………………………………………… 48
四、 PIN 二極體控制切換波束天線…………………………… 49
4.1 概述………………………………………………………… 49
4.2 印刷半波長偶極天線設計………………………………… 50
4.2.1 半波長偶極天線的原理 ………………………………… 50
4.2.2 八木天線…………………………………………………… 52
4.2.3 彎折式半波長偶極天線…………………………………… 54
4.3 PIN 二極體與控制電路 ………………………………… 60
4.4 新型切換波束天線………………………………………… 61
4.5 模擬結果與實作量測……………………………………… 64
4.6 心得與討論 ……………………………………………… 74
五、 結論 ……………………………………………………… 75
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………… 77

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