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研究生:陳桂枝
研究生(外文):Kuei-Chih Chen
論文名稱:利用H.264/AVC特徵之多攝影機即時追蹤系統
論文名稱(外文):Real-Time Multi-Camera Tracking by Exploiting Features of H.264/AVC
指導教授:蘇柏齊
指導教授(外文):Po-Chyi Su
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:資訊工程研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2009
畢業學年度:97
語文別:中文
論文頁數:76
中文關鍵詞:多攝影機追蹤H.264
外文關鍵詞:H.264trackingreal timemulti camera
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視訊監控在現今的生活中扮演著極為重要的角色,越來越多的監控攝影機被佈建於各個場合以協助保障人員或財產的安全。然而,大量的監控資料管理不易,負責監看畫面的管理人員注意力有限,監控的效能因而打了折扣。為了彌補人力監視與操作上的不足,我們提出使用多台PTZ(Pan-Tilt-Zoom)攝影機實現室內環境多角度自動化人物即時追蹤。透過多台攝影機之間的溝通,對目標人物持續且有效的追蹤,並透過多角度與變焦拍攝(zoom),讓管理人員獲得更清晰的視訊監控資訊。
本研究所提出之監控系統採用H.264/AVC 壓縮技術來處理視訊資料以利畫面資訊的傳輸與保存。為減低系統負擔以達成即時追蹤,我們利用H.264 編碼過程中所擷取之冗餘(residual)資訊,輔助PTZ攝影機在旋轉過程中,對出現在畫面中之移動人物作有效的偵測。對於單一移動人物,系統會以一台距離目標物較近之攝影機執行主要追蹤,同時以鄰近幾台攝影機配合施予多角度變焦輔助拍攝。實驗結果顯示,利用多台追蹤攝影機可減少目標物消失於監控畫面的情況,經由充分利用PTZ 攝影機的功能,可得到更清晰且多角度的監控畫面。
Visual surveillance systems have played a more and more important role these days to protect the safety and/or properties of people. In this research, we consider building a real-time multi-camera tracking system by using PTZ(Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras. Several PTZ cameras are deployed in an indoor environment to track a single walking person. Each PTZ camera can dynamically change its focus to have a better view of the tracked object so that the subsequent intelligent processing or understanding of the scene can be applied. Cameras can communicate with each other by exchanging simple messages via the wireless
networking. The captured video will be compressed with the state-of-the-art video codec, H.264/AVC, to facilitate the video transmission and storage. In order to achieve the effective and real-time tracking, we make use of the residuals of H.264/AVC to detect the position and size of the moving object, especially when the PTZ camera is not in the still mode. The camera that is close to the object will apply the principal tracking while the nearby camera(s) may apply zooming-in on the walking person so that the system can have multiple views of the target. The experimental results show the feasibility of our proposed multi-camera tracking system as the cases of failures in tracking the moving object can be significantly reduced.
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 論文架構 5
第二章 系統流程 6
2-1 系統簡介 6
2-1-1 H.264 簡介 6
2-1-2 系統大綱 9
2-1-3 攝影機流程 11
2-2 相關研究 15
2-3 場景架設 18
第三章 移動物偵測 20
3-1 靜態偵測 20
3-2 動態輔助 24
3-2-1 動態攝影差異 24
3-2-2 動態輔助的重要性 26
3-2-3 預測冗餘偵測 27
3-2-4 預測冗餘雜訊去除 30
3-2-5 適應性預測冗餘資料之選擇 32
3-3 移動物體圈選 34
第四章 攝影機追蹤 36
4-1 攝影機角度旋轉 36
4-2 攝影機變焦調整 41
4-2-1 追蹤與變焦流程 41
4-2-2 變焦時段判定 44
4-2-3 變焦調整 45
4-3 多台攝影機溝通 50
第五章 實驗結果 54
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 62
參考文獻 63
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