臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以國內某造紙廠新設之流體化床鍋爐為研究主體，探討在不同操作條作下，並且經由空氣污染物分析及煤、鍋爐灰及集塵灰之元素分析，以質量平衡的方式，研究其空氣污染物之排放特性。
依研究結果指出，二氧化碳、硫氧化物的生成在本研究之範圍中與溫度無關，僅與煤之投料量及煤中之含碳量或含硫量有關，而氮氧化物的生成與燃燒溫度呈正相關，並可經由二段式燃燒可有效控制氮氧化物之排放濃度，一氧化碳的生成則與溫度呈逆相關。而以燃料（煤碳）、廢氣（包含二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮氧化物及硫氧化物）及鍋爐灰與集塵灰之成份分析並進行質量平衡計算，碳及硫元素尚可接近平衡，而氮元素則無法單純以上述之成份分析達到平衡，其原因為空氣中之氮氧加入及部份之氮元素於燃燒過程中還原為氮氣。
希望透過本項研究，能提供相關業者作為空氣污染操防制及後續研究改進之參考。

The major objective of this research is to characterize the air pollutants and CO2 emission based on the different operating conditions of fluidized bed coal fired boiler, which is newly constructed by a paper mill in Taiwan. In this research, the mass-balance is conducted by stack emission test and coal, boiler ash and precipitator ash element analysis.
The results indicate there are no relations between combustion temperature and carbon dioxide or SOx production in combustion period, but those pollutants were related with coal feeding rate and carbon and sulfur contents of the coal. NOx production and the combustion temperature are co-related and the emission of nitrogen oxide can be reduced by two-stage combustion. The carbon monoxide concentration was inversely co-related with the temperature. After performing the mass-balance of the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur elements for the coal, exhaust air, boiler ash and precipitator ash by element analysis, the carbon and sulfur elements can be balanced, however, the nitrogen element can not reach the balance because of the primary and secondary air injection and some nitrogen elements were reduced to gaseous nitrogen.
We do hope this research can provide some useful references for the following further research and improvement on air pollution control.

1 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起及目的 1
1.2 研究架構與內容 2
2 文獻回顧 5
2.1 流體化床鍋爐 5
2.1.1 流體化現象 5
2.1.2 流體化床鍋爐 7
2.1.3 流體化床鍋爐優缺點 11
2.2 鍋爐廢氣特性 12
2.2.1 粒狀污染物 12
2.2.2 硫氧化物 (SOx) 15
2.2.3 氮氧化物 (NOx) 19
2.3 碳排放 29
3 研究方法 31
3.1 鍋爐設備 31
3.2 實驗方法 32
3.2.1 取樣及數據取得 32
3.2.2 實驗步驟 35
3.3 實驗變數 36
4 結果與討論 37
4.1 鍋爐灰及集塵灰 37
4.2 碳排放特性 38
4.3 氮排放特性 43
4.3.1 廢氣中氮氧化物排放特性 43
4.3.2 石灰石對廢氣中氮氧化物排放影響 46
4.3.3 燃燒系統中之氮元素質量分布及與各排放係數比較 48
4.4 硫排放特性 51
4.4.1 廢氣中硫氧化物的排放特性 51
4.4.2 燃燒系統中之硫元素質量分布及與各排放係數比較 55
4.5 鍋爐廢氣排放與國內法規比較 58
5 結論與建議 61
5.1 結論 61
5.2 建議 62
6 參考文獻 64
7 名詞解釋 68
8 附件 69
8.1 實驗記錄表 69
8.2 煤灰運送明細表 70
8.3 煤碳成份分析 71
8.4 集塵灰成份分析 72
8.5 鍋爐灰成份分析 80

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