如何達成行動節點(MN)在巢狀式行動網路(NEMO)可以無縫式換手(Seamless Handoff)，是我們論文所追求的目標。因此，藉由第二層(Layer 2)的trigger來通知第三層的NEMO協定HCoP-B提早做換手，也就是利用預先猜測NEMO之後可能換手至另一AR下，提早跟新的AR做連線，並且結合FMIPv6的流程，藉由交換HI和HAck訊息，在舊的和新的AR下建立通道(bi-directional tunnel)，達成無縫式換手。我們設計透過802.11 L2與802.16 L2的換手訊息，提早觸發巢狀式行動網路的快速無縫換手，更進一步減少換手延遲、封包中斷，並達成路由最佳化。
此外我們也針對快速換手的predictive和reactive情形進行探討分析，在Predictive mode裡，藉由網路架構圖分成Intra-MAP和Inter-MAP模式的換手行為，探討分析在換手期間所造成的通訊中斷影響。在Reactive mode裡，探討因Fast Movement和Erroneous Movement情況提早發生換手的情形，並且分析各種效能項目。
因此，本論文完整的提出了支援巢狀式行動網路下Fast HCoP-B快速無縫換手的解決方案，不論是「主動模式」或「反應模式」、「802.11」或「802.16」的無線網路存取都涵蓋在內。

第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究背景及目的 1
1.2 論文架構 6
第二章 文獻探討與相關研究 7
2.1 Mobile IPv6 Fast Handover (FMIPv6) 9 7
2.2 在各種網路環境裡使用Mobile IPv6 Fast Handover 10
2.2.1 FMIPv6 for 802.11 10
2.2.2 FMIPv6 for 802.16 13
2.2.3 使用Mobile IPv6 Fast Handover解決各種問題 15
2.3 各種NEMO RO的協定介紹 19
2.3.1 Reverse Routing Header (RRH) 19
2.3.2 MIPv6 Route Optimization for NEMO (MIRON) 20
2.3.3 HCoP-B架構與運作說明 21
2.4 問題與討論 27
第三章 Fast HCoP-B架構與運作說明 28
3.1 Predictive Mode for FHCoP-B 31
3.1.1 Intra-MAP Handoff 31
3.1.2 Inter-MAP Handoff 46
3.2 Reactive Mode for FHCoP-B 63
3.2.1 Fast Movement 66
3.2.3(2) Erroneous Movement 76
第四章 數值分析與結果 82
4.1 Handoff Latency 84
4.2 Buffering time 98
4.3 Packet Loss time 118
4.4 Total Handoff Cost 125
4.5 The number of extra message 135
4.6 Handoff Preparation Latency 139
第五章 結論與未來工作 147
參考文獻 148

圖索引
圖 1. NEMO Basic行動網路的架構圖 3
圖 2. 換手流程圖(Layer 2 + Layer 3) 4
圖 3. Pinball Routing 5
圖 4(a). Predictive Mode for FMIPv6 9
圖 4(b). Reactive Mode for FMIPv6 9
圖 5. Enhanced Fast Handover (EFH) 11
圖 6. L2+L3換手流程圖 12
圖 7. 802.16環境裡使用FMIPv6的訊息流程圖 14
圖 8. Timing graph for the proposed enhanced fast handover scheme 16
圖 9. RRH換手過程 20
圖 10. MIRON換手過程 21
圖 11. HCoP-B中 MR代替MN發送GBU訊息以及BUT的建置 22
圖 12. R flag的Mobility Option 23
圖 13. The format of the new type 29 mobility option 25
圖 14. HCoP-B MR2行動子網路離開MAP管理的行動網路時，請求MAP傳送相關的BUT資訊給MR2 25
圖 15. MR2行動子網路進入新的MAP，快速重建BUT與全域換手的流程 26
圖 16. 換手程序RSS與L2事件的分析 29
圖 17. 行動網路架構圖 31
圖 18. Intra-MAP Handoff (802.11802.11) 網路架構圖 32
圖 19. RRH Intra-MAP (802.11802.11) Handoff 流程圖) 34
圖 20. MIRON Intra-MAP (802.11802.11) Handoff 流程圖 37
圖 21. HCoP-B Intra-MAP (802.11802.11) Handoff 流程圖 40
圖 22. FHCoP-B Intra-MAP (802.11802.11) Handoff流程圖 45
圖 23. Inter-MAP (802.11802.16) Handoff網路架構圖 47
圖 24. RRH Inter-MAP (802.11802.16) Handoff 流程圖 49
圖 25. MIRON Inter-MAP (802.11802.16) Handoff 流程圖 51
圖 26. HCoP-B Inter-MAP (802.11802.16) Handoff 流程圖 55
圖 27. FHCoP-B Inter-MAP (802.11802.16) Handoff流程圖 62
圖 28(a). FMIPv6 Reactive Fast Handover 64
圖 28(b). FHCoP-B Reactive Fast Handover 64
圖 29. FHCoP-B換手失敗時間圖 Fast Movement (case 1) 67
圖 30. FHCoP-B Inter-MAP 802.11802.11換手失敗流程圖Fast Movement (case 1) 69
圖 31. FHCoP-B換手失敗時間圖 Fast Movement (case 2) 73
圖 32. FHCoP-B Inter-MAP 802.11802.11換手失敗流程圖 Fast Movement (case2：After sending FBU and before receiving FBAck) 74
圖 33. FHCoP-B換手失敗時間圖 (erroneous movement) 77
圖 34. 換手失敗流程圖 (Erroneous Movement) 78
圖 35. 實驗分析架構圖(LH = 0, 3, 6) 83
圖 36. 實驗分析架構圖(JH = 1, 4, 7) 83
圖 37. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 0) 85
圖 38. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 3) 85
圖 39. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 6) 86
圖 40. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 1) 86
圖 41. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 4) 87
圖 42. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 7) 87
圖 43. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 0, 3, 6) 88
圖 44. Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 1, 4, 7) 89
圖 45. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 0) 90
圖 46. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 3) 91
圖 47. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 6) 91
圖 48. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 1) 92
圖 49. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 4) 92
圖 50. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 7) 93
圖 51. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 0, 3, 6) 94
圖 52. Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 1, 4, 7) 94
圖 53. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 0) 95
圖 54. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 3) 96
圖 55. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (LH = 6) 96
圖 56. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 1) 97
圖 57. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 4) 97
圖 58. Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff Latency (JH = 7) 98
圖 59. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 0) 99
圖 60. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 3) 100
圖 61. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 6) 100
圖 62. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 1) 101
圖 63. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 4) 101
圖 64. FHCoP-B PMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 7) 102
圖 65. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 0) 103
圖 66. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 3) 103
圖 67. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (LH = 6) 104
圖 68. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 1) 104
圖 69. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 4) 105
圖 70. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for forwarded packets (JH = 7) 105
圖 71. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 0) 107
圖 72. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 3) 107
圖 73. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 6) 108
圖 74. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 1) 108
圖 75. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 4) 109
圖 76. FHCoP-B NMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 7) 109
圖 77. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 0) 110
圖 78. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 3) 111
圖 79. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (LH = 6) 111
圖 80. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 1) 112
圖 81. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 4) 112
圖 82. FHCoP-B NNMAP buffering time for subsequent packets (JH = 7) 113
圖 83. FHCoP-B total buffering time (LH = 0) 114
圖 84. FHCoP-B total buffering time (LH = 3) 114
圖 85. FHCoP-B total buffering time (LH = 6) 115
圖 86. FHCoP-B total buffering time (JH = 1) 115
圖 87. FHCoP-B total buffering time (JH = 4) 116
圖 88. FHCoP-B total buffering time (JH = 7) 116
圖 89. FHCoP-B total buffering time (LH = 0, 3, 6) 117
圖 90. FHCoP-B total buffering time (JH = 1, 4, 7) 117
圖 91. Intra-MAP packet loss time (LH = 0) 119
圖 92. Intra-MAP packet loss time (LH = 3) 119
圖 93. Intra-MAP packet loss time (LH = 6) 120
圖 94. Intra-MAP packet loss time (JH = 1) 120
圖 95. Intra-MAP packet loss time (JH = 4) 121
圖 96. Intra-MAP packet loss time (JH = 7) 121
圖 97. Inter-MAP packet loss time (LH = 0) 122
圖 98. Inter-MAP packet loss time (LH = 3) 123
圖 99. Inter-MAP packet loss time (LH = 6) 123
圖 100. Inter-MAP packet loss time (JH = 1) 124
圖 101. Inter-MAP packet loss time (JH = 4) 124
圖 102. Inter-MAP packet loss time (JH = 7) 125
圖 103. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (LH = 0) 126
圖 104. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (LH = 3) 126
圖 105. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (LH = 6) 127
圖 106. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (JH = 1) 127
圖 107. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (JH = 4) 128
圖 108. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Intra-MAP Handoff (JH = 7) 128
圖 109. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 0) 129
圖 110. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 3) 130
圖 111. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 6) 130
圖 112. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 1) 131
圖 113. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 4) 131
圖 114. Total Handoff Cost of Predictive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 7) 132
圖 115. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 0) 133
圖 116. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 3) 133
圖 117. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (LH = 6) 134
圖 118. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 1) 134
圖 119. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 4) 135
圖 120. Total Handoff Cost of Reactive Inter-MAP Handoff (JH = 7) 135
圖 121. the number of extra message (LH = 0) 136
圖 122. the number of extra message (LH = 3) 137
圖 123. the number of extra message (LH = 6) 137
圖 124. the number of extra message (JH = 1) 138
圖 125. the number of extra message (JH = 4) 138
圖 126. the number of extra message (JH = 7) 139
圖 127. Handoff preparation latency (LH = 0) 140
圖 128. Handoff preparation latency (LH = 3) 140
圖 129. Handoff preparation latency (LH = 6) 141
圖 130. Handoff preparation latency (JH = 1) 141
圖 131. Handoff preparation latency (JH = 4) 142
圖 132. Handoff preparation latency (JH = 7) 142
圖 133. Intra-MAP Handoff preparation latency (LH = 0, 3, 6) 143
圖 134. Inter-MAP Handoff preparation latency (LH = 0, 3, 6) 143
圖 135. Intra-MAP Handoff preparation latency (JH = 1, 4, 7) 144
圖 136. Inter-MAP Handoff preparation latency (JH = 1, 4, 7) 144

表索引
表一. 行動網路環境相關參數設定 30
表二. Intra-MAP的效能比較表 145
表三. Inter-MAP的效能比較表 146
表四. Predictive與Reactive FHCoP-B的效能比較表 146

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