臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

【摘要】
本試驗採用開放環境(室內、暗室)自然劣化、高溫乾燥(105℃)、高溫高濕(85℃,85% RH)、UV光照射，及在含有甲醛環境之密閉空間對紙張進行加速劣化，以了解在不同環境下紙張性質的改變，尋求其防治方法。
試驗結果顯示，四種紙樣(影印紙、新聞紙、酸性道林紙、濾紙)
在自然劣化96天後，其性質並無明顯改變；而經高溫乾燥、及UV光照射加速劣化處理10天後，其性質呈明顯改變，其中新聞紙在UV光下劣化，其白度有明顯的下降；而高溫高濕加速劣化10天處理後，紙張性質變化較小。在含有甲醛環境下劣化，以酸性道林紙之耐折強度下降程度較大。濾紙置於合板間經高溫乾燥劣化後，其耐折強度有下降趨勢；另外，密閉及浸漬甲醛方面，經劣化10天後紙樣在浸漬甲醛劣化下之耐折強度及抗張強度其下降程度比密閉甲醛劣化下明顯。
經甲醛環境劣化下，試驗顯示，游離甲醛會對紙張造成劣化，故紙張強度的下降應與甲醛存在有關。

Summary
The main purposes of this study were to investigate the change in the properties of the accelerated-weathering tested paper under different deteriorated conditions: the open environment (indoor and darkroom), dry and high temperature (105℃), high-temperature and high humidity(85℃, 85% RH), UV light irradiation, and closed space filled with formaldehyde and to explore a way to diminish the damage caused by UV light irradiation and free formaldehyde emission.
The experimental results showed that the properties of four types of paper, copy paper, newsprint paper, acid printing paper and filter paper, didn’t have appreciable changes after 96 days of natural deterioration, but the properties of the paper after accelerated deterioration for 10 days under dry and high temperature or UV light irradiation obviously changed. The brightness of the newsprint paper deteriorated by UV light decreased significantly. The properties of the paper deteriorated by the high-temperature and humidity changed slightly.
The experiments on the paper deteriorated in closed space filled with formaldehyde showed that the decrease in the strength of paper was closely decreased related to the presence of formaldehyde.

目 次
Ⅰ、前言...................................................1
Ⅱ、文獻回顧...............................................4
(Ⅰ)紙質文物劣化之原因.....................................4
(Ⅱ)紙張劣化之評估........................................19
(Ⅲ)紙質文物劣化之防治....................................20
Ⅲ、材料與方法............................................23
(Ⅰ)試驗材料..............................................23
(Ⅱ)試驗流程..............................................24
(Ⅲ)試驗方法..............................................26
Ⅳ、結果與討論............................................33
一、不同環境之紙張劣化....................................33
(一)自然劣化..........................................33
(二)加速劣化..........................................39
(三)甲醛氣體影響加速劣化..............................52
二、劣化之防治............................................60
(一)UV之防治..........................................60
Ⅴ、結論..................................................71
Ⅵ、參考文獻..............................................73

表目次
表1 空氣汙染來源..........................................13
Table 1 The sources of air pollution.
表2 粉塵物質的種類及大小..................................13
Table 2 The species and dimensions of particulates material.
表3室內主要汙染物及其來源.................................15
Table 3 Major indoor pollutants and emission sources.
表4甲醛濃度對人體之急性健康影響...........................17
Table 4 Acute health effects from formaldehyde exposure.
表5 影印紙於不同劣化環境下加速劣化10天色差值之變化........45
Table 5 Changes in the color difference of copy paper under different deterioration environments after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.
表6 新聞紙於不同劣化環境下加速劣化10天色差值之變化........46
Table 6 Changes in the color difference of newsprint paper under different deterioration environments after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.
表7 酸性道林紙於不同劣化環境下加速劣化10天色差值之變化....47
Table7-1 Changes in the color difference of acid wood free paper under different deterioration environments after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.
表8 濾紙於不同劣化環境下加速劣化10天色差值之變化..........48
Table 8 Changes in the color difference of filter paper under different deterioration environments after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.
表9紫外線吸收膜保護下新聞紙之色差值之變化.................67
Table 9 Changes in the color difference of newsprint paper under UV film protected after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.
表10 影印紙於甲醛氣體環境下加速劣化5、10天再進行高溫乾燥10天後色差值之變化............................................69
Table 10 Changes in the color difference of copy paper under formaldehyde deterioration for 5 and 10 days, then followed by dry and high temperature test for 10 days.
表11 新聞紙於甲醛氣體環境下加速劣化5、10天再進行高溫乾燥10天後色差值之變化............................................69
Table 11 Changes in the color difference of newsprint paper under formaldehyde deterioration for 5 and 10 days, then followed by dry and high temperature test for 10 days.
表12 酸性道林紙於甲醛氣體環境下加速劣化5、10天再進行高溫乾燥10天後色差值之變化 ....................................70
Table12 Changes in the color difference of acid wood free paper under formaldehyde deterioration for 5 and 10 days, then followed by dry and high temperature test for 10 days.
表13 濾紙於甲醛氣體環境下加速劣化5、10天再進行高溫乾燥10天後色差值之變化..............................................70
Table 13 Changes in the color difference of filter paper under formaldehyde deterioration for 5 and 10 days, then followed by dry and high temperature test for 10 days.

圖目次
圖1 纖維素化學結構........................................ 5
Fig.1 Chemical structure of cellulose.
圖2 半纖維素的主要成分：D-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖醛酸、D-甘露糖、
D-樹膠糖、D-木糖 ......................................... 6
Fig.2 Chemical structure and major component of Hemicellulose D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid, D-mannose,
D-arabinose, D-xylose.
圖3 木質素的主要組成成分和部分化學結合結構 ............... 7
Fig.3 Part of chemical structure and major component of lignin.
圖4 老化試驗流程圖....................................... 24
Fig.4 Flow of chart of aging test.
圖5 防治試驗流程圖........................................25
Fig.5 Flow of chart of prevention test.
圖6 木材和紙張堆疊之情形 ................................ 30
Fig.6 The schematics of wooden materials and paper sample.
圖7 自然劣化下四種紙樣之耐折強度 ........................ 35
Fig.7 The folding endurance strength of four paper samples under nature deterioration condition.
圖8 自然劣化下四種紙樣之抗張強度 .........................36
Fig.8 The tensile strength of four paper samples under nature deterioration condition.
圖9 自然劣化下四種紙樣之撕裂強度 .........................37
Fig.9 The tear strength of four paper samples under nature deterioration condition.
圖10 自然劣化下四種紙樣之白度 ............................38
Fig.10 The brightness of four paper samples under nature deterioration condition.
圖11 加速劣化下四種紙樣之耐折強度.........................40
Fig.11 The folding endurance strength of four paper samples under accelerated weathering conditions.
圖12 加速劣化下四種紙樣之抗張強度 ........................41
Fig.12 The tensile strength of four paper samples under accelerated weathering conditions.
圖13 加速劣化下四種紙樣之撕裂強度 ........................42
Fig.13 The tear strength of four paper samples under accelerated weathering conditions.
圖14 加速劣化下四種紙樣之白度 ............................43
Fig.14 The brightness of four paper samples under accelerated weathering conditions.
圖15 不同劣化環境下影印紙之酸鹼值 ........................49
Fig.15 The pH value of copy paper under different deterioration environments.
圖16 不同劣化環境下新聞紙之酸鹼值 ........................50
Fig.16 The pH value of newsprint paper under different deterioration environments.
圖17 不同劣化環境下酸性道林紙之酸鹼值 ....................50
Fig.17 The pH value of acid wood free paper under different
deterioration environments.
圖18 不同劣化環境下濾紙之酸鹼值 ..........................51
Fig.18 The pH value of filter paper under different deterioration environments.
圖19 合板、單板劣化環境下四種紙樣之耐折強度 ..............53
Fig.19 The folding endurance strength of four paper samples under plywood and veneer deterioration conditions.
圖20 合板、單板劣化環境下四種紙樣之抗張強度 ..............54
Fig.20 The tensile strength of four paper samples under plywood and veneer deterioration conditions.
圖21 合板、單板劣化環境下四種紙樣之撕裂強度 ..............55
Fig.21 The tear strength of four paper samples under plywood and veneer deterioration conditions.
圖22 甲醛氣體影響劣化下四種紙樣之耐折強度 ................56
Fig.22 The folding endurance strength of four paper samples under formaldehyde deterioration conditions.
圖23 甲醛氣體影響劣化下四種紙樣之抗張強度 ................57
Fig.23 The tensile strength of four paper samples under formaldehyde deterioration conditions.
圖24 單板、合板劣化環境下四種紙樣之白度圖 ................58
Fig.24 The brightness of four paper samples under veneer and
plywood deterioration conditions.
圖25 防治試驗劣化下四種紙樣之耐折強度 ....................61
Fig.25 The folding endurance strength of four paper samples under prevention deterioration test.
圖26 防治試驗劣化下四種紙樣之抗張強度 ....................62
Fig.26 The tensile strength of four paper samples under prevention deterioration test.
圖27 防治劣化試驗下四種紙樣之撕裂強度 ....................63
Fig.27 The tear strength of four paper samples under prevention deterioration test.
圖28 防治試驗劣化下四種紙樣之白度圖 ......................64
Fig.28 The brightness of four paper samples under prevention
deterioration tests.
圖29 紫外線吸收膜加速劣化下新聞紙之白度 ..................66
Fig.29 The brightness of newsprint paper under UV Film protected after accelerated weathering test for 10 days.

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