本研究利用高光譜訊號技術分析樟樹葉片於不同含水率程度下，葉綠素濃度與光譜的相關性。利用ASD光譜儀測量於不同含水率程度下樟樹葉片之光譜反射資料後，分別測定葉片含水率及葉綠素濃度，並進行連續統去除法光譜轉換、光譜吸收特徵波段面積參數、光譜微分轉換及9種植生指標(NDVI、RDVI、SR、mSR700、mND700、MCARI、TCARI、Green NDVI及R750/R550)以利迴歸分析。並由中篩選出與植生葉綠素有關的光譜特徵，進而完成高光譜與葉綠素濃度模式之建立，並進行高光譜與葉綠素濃度模式之驗證。
研究結果顯示，以綠光區波段特徵(Ref 520 nm、Ref 550 nm、Ref 557 nm、Ref 570 nm、CR 520 nm、CR 550 nm 、CR 550 nm 、CR 557 nm、CR 570 nm、SDb、SDr/SDb、(SDr - SDb)/( SDr + SDb)、MCARI、TCARI、Green NDVI、750/R550、FDS 500 nm及FDS 520 nm)所建構之模式不會受到含水率之影響，其預測葉綠素濃度的準確度R2可達0.67~0.90以上。而藍光、紅光區波段特徵及紅邊參數所建構之模式，其對葉綠素濃度之推估能力明顯受到含水率影響，使其與葉綠素濃度相關性低，但當這些波段特徵與含水率相關波段(Ref 1450 nm)結合建構模式，其與葉綠素濃度相關性提高，R2由0.01~0.71提高至0.28~0.89。顯示再利用紅光區波段特徵應加入含水率因素，才能正確有效地來推估測量葉片葉綠素濃度。另外，在一階微分光譜FDS 645 nm及二階微分紅邊峰點位置為紅光區中的例外，不會受到含水率影響，能建構的良好的推估模式。

This study used an ASD spectroradiometer to measure the spectral reflectance of Cinnamomum camphora leaves of varying leaf water content (LWC). Measurements were taken of chlorophyll concentration and leaf water content. A regression analysis was performed using spectral absorption band parameters following continuum removal, first and second derivative reflectance, and nine vegetation indexes (NDVI, RDVI, SR, mSR700, mND700, MCARI, TCARI, Green NDVI, and R750/R550). Spectral behavior models were developed and used to predict chlorophyll and leaf water content in the experimental data.
The performance of the regression models was first demonstrated using spectral features in the green wavelength region to estimate chlorophyll concentrations in leaves with wide range of water content (these included Ref 520 nm, Ref 550 nm, Ref 557 nm, Ref 570 nm, CR 520 nm, CR 550 nm, CR 550 nm, CR 557 nm, CR 570 nm, SDb, SDr/SDb, (SDr - SDb)/( SDr + SDb), MCARI, TCARI, Green NDVI, 750/R550, FDS 500 nm and FDS 520 nm). The R2 value of the green-based regression models ranged between 0.67 and 0.90.
Using blue- and red-based spectral features, and the red edge parameters, chlorophyll concentration estimation models whose prediction efficiency might affected by the water content of leaves. As expected, correlation between the spectral features in the red wavelength region and chlorophyll concentrations was found to be low, however, when the spectral features were related to leaf water content (Ref 1450 nm), the level of correlation increased. The R2 value increased from 0.01~0.71 to 0.28~0.89. The results showed that spectral features of the red wavelength region ought to be associated with leaf water content in order to estimate chlorophyll concentrations effectively. A notable exception occurred in the red wavelength region at the positions of 645 nm and red edge. Models with the first derivative of 645 nm or second derivative of red edge could achieve a relatively stable results of chlorophyll concentration.

目次
目次 I
圖目次 III
表目次 VII
中文摘要 VIII
英文摘要 IX
第一章 前言 1
第二章 前人研究 3
一、太陽光譜 3
二、高光譜遙測 5
三、植物反射光譜特徵 8
四、植生含水率與光譜遙測 10
(一) 水對植物的生理生態作用 10
(二) 相關研究 11
五、葉綠素與光譜遙測 13
(一) 葉綠素 13
(二) 相關研究 15
六、光譜資料處理方法 17
(一) 植生指標 17
(二) 連續統去除法 25
(三) 光譜微分技術 27
(四) 紅邊光譜參數分析 28
第三章 材料與方法 30
一、試驗材料與儀器 30
(一) 試驗材料 30
(二) 高光譜儀器 31
二、研究方法 32
(一) 光譜試驗 34
(二) 葉片含水率測定 35
(三) 葉綠素濃度測定 35
(四) 光譜資料分析 36
(五) 統計分析 43
(六) 模式驗證 45
第四章 結果與討論 46
一、樟樹植生反射曲線 46
二、葉片含水率及葉綠素濃度與植生光譜之相關性分析 50
三、葉綠素濃度與高光譜反射特性分析 52
(一) 原始植生光譜模式建立 52
(二) 連續統去除法調整光譜模式建立 56
(三) 光譜吸收特徵面積參數光譜模式建立 60
(四) 微分光譜參數模式建立 65
(五) 植生指標分析與模式建立 74
四、不同含水率程度與葉綠素濃度模式關係之分析 79
(一) 葉片含水率與光譜特徵之模式建立 79
(二) 結合含水率與葉綠素濃度模式關係之迴歸分析 90
五、模式驗證 95
(一) 不受含水率影響之特徵波段參數模式之驗證 95
(二) 結合含水率之特徵波段參數模式之驗證 103
第五章、結論 112
參考文獻 116
圖目次
圖 1、大氣中氣體、氣溶膠和水分子對電磁波在大氣中傳輸之影
響 4
圖 2、太陽光譜及其與葉綠素吸收光譜之關聯 4
圖 3、電磁波譜 4
圖 4、多光譜與高光譜示意圖 7
圖 5、高光譜影像原理示意圖 7
圖 6、綠色植物的典型光譜反射曲線及影響因素 9
圖 7、倒高斯反射模型和相關紅邊參數 12
圖 8、葉綠素之化學結構式 14
圖 9、葉綠素於乙醚溶劑中的吸收光譜 14
圖10、經連續統去除法調整的植物光譜 26
圖11、光譜吸收特徵圖及其連續統去除法光譜吸收特徵圖 27
圖12、試驗植生材料-樟樹 30
圖13、ASD攜帶式野外光譜輻射儀 31
圖14、不同斷水時間處理之試驗樣本 32
圖15、研究流程圖 33
圖16、光譜試驗方法 34
圖17、葉綠素濃度、葉片含水率及原始光譜值轉換後之影像格式 37
圖18、光譜吸收特徵波段面積參數示意圖 39
圖19、樟樹植生光譜反射特性曲線 47
圖20、連續統去除法轉換之樟樹植生光譜特性曲線 48
圖21、植生光譜一階微分轉換特性曲線 48
圖22、樟樹植生葉綠素濃度之400~520 nm吸收特徵 48
圖23、樟樹植生葉綠素濃度之550~750 nm吸收特徵 49
圖24、樟樹植生含水率之1300~1650 nm吸收特徵 49
圖25、樟樹植生含水率之1840~2240 nm吸收特徵 49
圖26、樟樹葉片全波段光譜反射率及其與葉綠素濃度的相關係 數 51
圖27、樟樹葉片全波段光譜反射率及其與葉片含水率(LWC%)的
相關係數 51
圖28、原始植生光譜可見光特性曲線 53
圖29、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 500之相關性 53
圖30、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 520迴歸式 54
圖31、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 550迴歸式 54
圖32、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 557迴歸式 54
圖33、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 645之相關性 54
圖34、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 690之相關性 55
圖35、總葉綠素濃度與Ref 700之相關性 55
圖36、植生光譜可見光連續统去除法轉換特性曲線 57
圖37、總葉綠素濃度與CR 500之相關性 57
圖38、總葉綠素濃度與CR520迴歸式 58
圖39、總葉綠素濃度與CR550迴歸 58
圖40、總葉綠素濃度與CR557迴歸式 58
圖41、總葉綠素濃度與CR 645之相關性 58
圖42、總葉綠素濃度與CR 690之相關性 59
圖43、總葉綠素濃度與CR 700之相關性 59
圖44、藍、紅光吸收特徵面積示意圖 60
圖45、藍、紅光吸收特徵波段面積之深度及寬度 61
圖46、總葉綠素濃度與Blue AFA之相關性 62
圖47、總葉綠素濃度與Red AFA之相關性 63
圖48、總葉綠素濃度與DEPblue之相關性 63
圖49、總葉綠素濃度與DEPred之相關性 63
圖50、總葉綠素濃度與WIDblue之相關性 64
圖51、總葉綠素濃度與WIDred之相關性 64
圖52、植生光譜反射率可見光一階微分特性曲線圖 66
圖53、總葉綠素濃度與FDS 500迴歸式 67
圖54、總葉綠素濃度與FDS 520迴歸式 67
圖55、總葉綠素濃度與FDS 645迴歸式 67
圖56、總葉綠素濃度與FDS 690之相關性 67
圖57、總葉綠素濃度與FDS 700之相關性 68
圖58、總葉綠素濃度與紅邊位置之相關性 69
圖59、總葉綠素濃度與SDb迴歸式 70
圖60、總葉綠素濃度與SDr迴歸式之相關性 70
圖61、總葉綠素濃度與SDr/SDb迴歸式 70
圖62、總葉綠素濃度與(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)迴歸式 70
圖63、植生光譜反射率可見光二階微分特性曲線圖 71
圖64、總葉綠素濃度與二階微分光譜紅邊峰點位移變化之迴歸 式 72
圖65、總葉綠素濃度與二階微分光譜紅邊谷點位移變化之相關 性 72
圖66、總葉綠素濃度與NDVI之相關性 75
圖67、總葉綠素濃度與RDVI之相關性 75
圖68、總葉綠素濃度與SR之相關性 76
圖69、總葉綠素濃度與mSR700之相關性 76
圖70、總葉綠素濃度與mND700之相關性 76
圖71、總葉綠素濃度與MCARI迴歸式 77
圖72、總葉綠素濃度與TCARI迴歸式 77
圖73、總葉綠素濃度與Green NDVI迴歸式 77
圖74、總葉綠素濃度與R750/R550迴歸式 77
圖75、葉片含水率與原始光譜特徵波段迴歸式 80
圖76、葉片含水率與連續統去除法光譜特徵波段迴歸式 81
圖77、葉片含水率與吸收特徵波段面積迴歸式 82
圖78、葉片含水率與水分指標迴歸式 83
圖79、原始光譜的葉片含水率模式驗證 86
圖80、連續統去除法光譜的葉片含水率模式驗證 87
圖81、吸收特徵波段面積的葉片含水率模式驗證 87
圖82、水分指標的葉片含水率模式驗證 88
圖83、不受含水率影響原始光譜的葉綠素模式驗證 97
圖84、不受含水率影響連續統去除法光譜的葉綠素模式驗證 98
圖85、藍邊及紅邊一階微分總和參數的葉綠素模式驗證 99
圖86、不受含水率影響植生指標的葉綠素模式驗證 100
圖87、不受含水率影響微分光譜參數的葉綠素模式驗證 101
圖88、受含水率影響原始光譜的葉綠素模式驗證 105
圖89、受含水率影響連續統去除法光譜的葉綠素模式驗證 106
圖90、吸收特徵波段面積參數的葉綠素模式驗證 107
圖91、受含水率影響微分光譜參數的葉綠素模式驗證 108
圖92、受含水率影響植生指標的葉綠素模式驗證 109


表目次
表 1、1973~2002年葉綠素相關植生指數及研究文獻 21
表 2、相關係數的強度大小與意義 37
表 3、本研究選用之植生指數及水分指數 41
表 4、樟樹葉片試驗樣本葉綠素含量及含水率 46
表 5、葉綠素濃度與原始光譜模式迴歸分析之比較 56
表 6、葉綠素濃度與連續統去除法調整光譜模式迴歸分析之比 較 60
表 7、葉綠素濃度與光譜吸收特徵波段參數迴歸分析之比較 65
表 8、葉綠素濃度與微分光譜參數迴歸分析之比較 73
表 9、葉綠素濃度與植生指標反射特性迴歸分析之比較 78
表10、特徵波段參數及指標與葉片含水率LWC(%)迴歸分析之
比較 84
表11、特徵波段參數及指標與葉片含水率LWC(%)模式之驗證
89
表12、特徵波段相關參數結合Ref 1450 nm與葉綠素濃度迴歸
分析之比較 92
表13、不受含水率影響之特徵波段參數模式與驗證模式R2 102
表14、結合含水率之特徵波段參數模式與驗證模式R2 110

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