臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

胡瓜為重要的瓜果蔬菜類，生育採果期長，但冬季及夏季栽培品種不同，且肥份的供給影響品質及產量。本試驗以胡瓜‘夏笛’及‘和生美’品種進行試驗，利用泥炭苔為栽培介質，以袋植及長槽栽植於簡易溫室內，並以滴灌系統供給養分，再分別以不同濃度胺基酸(富綠肥)、有機鈣(富綠鈣)、硝酸鈣及微量元素(富綠美)加予葉面施肥，並依不同生育期測定介質物化性、生長特性、產量及品質。依時間及地區分為兩次試驗如下：
試驗一：試驗品種為‘夏笛’，以泥炭苔袋植栽培，最初pH值為5.50，栽培至12天時pH值升至6.84，至48天及60天，pH降到6.68及6.20。介質EC值最初為1.42 mS/cm，栽培至12天時EC值降為1.30 mS/cm，而後EC值60天升高至為2.80 mS/cm。葉綠素含量隨栽培時間而逐漸提升，但60天後各處理及對照組無顯著差異。果肉及果皮中總可溶性糖，於中期(45天)時含量最高，並以富綠肥600倍處理者最佳。栽培60天後，也以富綠肥600倍處理之結果數(478條)最高，且劣果率(10.8％)最少。
試驗二：試驗品種為‘和生美’以泥炭苔為介質，長槽式定植胡瓜苗。生育期間以富綠鈣200ppm處理，至後期其株高、鮮重及葉片數分別為187.8 cm、789
g及15.4片最佳，結果單株總產量最高。後期葉片分析結果，以富綠鈣400ppm處理，以鈣、銅及鐵元素含量最高，葉面積最大，相對使結果數及葉綠素最高，且劣果比率最低。
本試驗結果冬天平地種植‘夏笛’以富綠肥800倍葉面施肥，直接影響果實品質。夏季高山種植‘和生美’品種，以富綠鈣400ppm處理，其生長發育最好，產量最高，其次以200ppm結果數最高，劣果數最低，且因有機鈣的供給，產量及品質相對提高。

Cucumber is an important cucuric vegetable with a long period of growth and harvest. Different species of cucumbers are cultivated during summer and winter, while the content of the fertilizer affects the quality and the yield. In this study, cucumber species ‘Sia Di’ and 'Ho Shan Mei’ were tested in a simple. greenhouse with peatmoss as the medium, cultivated in bags and trenches, respectively. Drip irrigation made used to provide nutrients, while foliar spray of amino acids (Forgreen-A), organic calcium (Forgreen-Ca), calcium nitrate and trace minerals (Forgreen-K) were applied. Physical and chemical properties of the medium, growth characteristics, yield and quality were measured at different stages. The results are as follows:
Experiment 1: Species ‘Sia Di’ was cultivated with peatmoss bags, initial pH value of 5.50.while 12 day cultivated, pH value was increased to 6.84, while on the 48th and 60. day it was declined to 6.68 and 6.20, respectively. Medium EC value was initially at 1.42 mS/cm, which declined to 1.03 mS/cm on day 12; on day 60, it increased to 2.80 mS/cm. The chlorophyll content increased with time, but no significant difference observed between the experimental and control groups after 60 day 60 Total soluble sugar content in the flesh and peel were the highest during the middle phase (day 45), while 600-fold dilution of Forgreen-A produced the best results. This treatment also yielded the most fruits (478 cucumbers) and the least unacceptable fruit percentage (10.8%) after 60 day 60 of cultivation.
Experiment 2: Species ‘Ho Shan Mei’ was cultivated with peatmoss in trenches. During the growth phase, 200ppm of Forgreen-Ca yielded the best plant height, fresh weight and number of leaves, at 187.8cm, 789g and 15.4, respectively. The single plant yield was also the highest for this treatment. Late phase leaf analysis shows that with 400ppm of Forgreen-Ca, calcium, copper and iron contents were the highest. Moreover, this treatment also has the largest leaf surface area, correlating to the most fruits produced, highest chlorophyll content, and lowest unacceptable fruit percentage.
The results of this study show that for ‘Sia Di’, the winter species for flatland cultivation, produces the best quality fruits when foliar application of Forgreen-A was done at 800-fold dilution. For ‘Ho Shan Mei’, the summer highland species, 400ppm Forgreen-Ca provided the best growth and yield. 200ppm of Forgreen-Ca yielded the most fruits and the least unacceptable fruits. This is a result of the ample supply of organic calcium, which improves the yield and quality of cucumbers.

壹、 前言 1
貳、 前人研究 . 3
一、蔬菜無土栽培 . 3
二、有機介質之探討 6
三、液體肥料配製與特性 9
四、胡瓜生物學特性及生理性病害徵 20
參、 材料與法 23
一、材料 23
二、方法 24
三、栽培理 26
四、調查項目與法 28
肆、 試驗結果 35
一、材料 23
二、方法 24
三、栽培理 26
四、調查項目與法 28
伍、 討論 59
ㄧ、介質EC值及pH值在栽植中不同階段之化 35
二、胡瓜以不同濃度胺基酸液肥栽培對植株生育性狀之響 40
三、不同生物肥料葉面處理對胡瓜‘和生美’生育之調查 47
陸、 參考文獻 61

王銀波. 1989. 培養液之化學性及其管理.養液栽培技術講習會專刊第二輯.行政院農業委員會. p.60-68.
王銀波、吳正宗. 1990. 培養液之理論與實際. 養液栽培技術講習會專刊第三輯. 行政院農業委員會. p.14-26.
李文汕. 1999. 蔬菜無土介質容器栽培. 蔬菜容器栽培技術研討會專集. p.1-17.
李金龍、候鳳舞. 1989. 養液栽培之發展方向中展望. 養液栽培技術講會專刊第二輯. 行政院農業委員會. p.1-3.
李金龍、傅季郁. 1988. 本省養液栽培之發展方向與重點. 養液栽培技術習會專刊第一輯. 行政院農業委員會. p.1-7.
李哖. 1989. 固體介質之養液栽培 .養液栽培技術講習會專刊第二輯. 行政院農業委員會. p.78-87.
李國權、林慧玲. 1989. 水耕蔬菜營養失調常見之症狀與診斷方法. 養液栽培技術講習會專刊第二輯. 行政院農業委員會. p.44-59.
林良平. 1978. 微生物的固氮. 遺傳工程與固氮作用研討會專集. p.30-41.
林景和. 2001. 腐植酸對土壤、磷礦石及鳥糞石養分有效性和作物養分吸收與錳毒害緩解之影響. 國立台灣大學農業化學研究所.
岑洲、蔡利玲、劉明正. 1998. 海藻生理活性物質的研究進展. 暨南大學報 14(5)：78-86.
楊秋忠.1988.土壤與肥料.農世股份有限公司. 台北.
楊盛行. 1995. 廢棄物堆肥化微生物菌之開發及應用. 永續農業研究及推廣研討會專集. p.47-65.
楊偉正、蕭吉雄. 1995. 胡瓜 臺灣農家要覽農作篇(二). p.395-398. 行政院農業委員會. 台北.
董時叡. 2007. 有機之談-有機農業的非技術面思考. p.89-88. 國家圖書館.台北.
詹惠雯. 2006. 有機介質簡化養液栽培對胡瓜‘夏笛’生長發育之影響. 國立中興大學園藝研究所碩士論文.
游雯蓉. 2003. 瓜類植株鈣之吸收與運移. 國立中興大學園藝學研究所碩士論文.
黄麗波、岑洲、徐石海. 2000. 海藻中植物生長激素Gaulerpin的研究進展.天然產物研究與開發 13(2)：74-78.
高德錚、郭孚耀. 1996. 本土化設施園藝技術之開發. p.28-125.臺中農業改良場.
曹幸之、羅筱鳳. 2003. 蔬菜(二). 復文書局. 台南.
張則同、陳尊賢. 1995. 土壤分析手冊. 行政院農業委員會. 台北.
張杏生. 1994. 植物生理學淺說. 五洲出版社. 台北.
廖越美. 1986. 蔬菜栽培生產技術. 五洲出版社. 台北.
蔡宜峰. 1995. 本土化有機栽培介質之特性製作.養液栽培技術講習會第五輯. p.58-59.
蔡永皞. 1996. 農水產廢棄物堆肥化之開發及用瓜類育苗介質之研製及其理化性質. 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 8：24-29.
謝明憲. 2001. 花胡瓜設施栽培. 台南區農業專訊 35：4-10.
劉熙. 1987. 無土栽培. 五洲出版社. 台北.
上岡譽富. 2005. プラン夕-菜園工ツのコツ. p8-10.
全国農村教育恊會. 2000. 營農指導員のためのキュウリの栽培と營養生理障礙. p.54-58.
Argo, W. R. and J. A. Biernbaum. 1995. Root-medium nutrient levels and irrigation requirements of poinsettias grown in five rootmedis. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.30:535-538.
Bangerth, F. 1979. Calcium-related physiogical disorders of plants. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 17:97-122.
De Boodt, M. and O. Verdonck. 1972. the physical properties of the substrates in horticulture. Acta Hort. 26：37-44.
Frost, D. J. and D. W. Kretchman. 1989. Calcium deficiency reduces cucumber fruit and seed quality.J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114：552-556.
Frossard, E., L. M. Condron, A. Oberson, S. Sinaj, and J. C. Fardeau. 2000. Processes governing phosphorus availability in temperate soils. J. Environ. Qual. 29:12-53.
Hadidi, N. 1984. The influence of macronutrient deficiency on plant growth and development,fruit yield,seed yield and quality of tomato(Lycopersicon Mill.) and cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) PhD Diss.,The Ohio State Univ Columbus.
Hanger, B. C. 1979. The movement of calcium in plants. Commum. Soil. Plant Anal. 10:171-193.
He, X. T., S. J. Traina, and T. J. Logan. 1992. Chemical properties of municipal solid waste composts. J. Envrion. Qual. 21:318-329.
Ingestad, T. 1973. Mineral nutrient requirements of cucumber seedings. Plant Physiol. 52：332-338。
Jenkins, J. R. and W. M. Jarrell. 1989. Predicting physical and chemical properties of container mixtures. HorScience 24:292-295.
Kirkby, E. A. and D. J. Pilbeam. 1984. Calcium as a plant nutrient.Plant Cell Environ. 7:397-405.
Lauchli, A. and R. L. Bieleski. 1983. Calcium nutrient of higher plants. Inorganic Plant Nutrient.Encyclopedia of plant physiology. New seriesv. 15:22-29.
Latin, R. X. 1996. Noninfectious Disorders NutritionalDisorders. Compendium of Diseases. APS Press, Minnesota, USA.
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edition. London, Academic Press.
Mackowiak, C. L., R. M. Wheeler, G. W. Stutte, N. C. Yorio and J. C. Sager.
1997. Use of biologically recllaimed minerals for continuous hydropponic potato production in a celss. Adv. Space Res. 20：1815-1820.
Mengel, K. and E. A. Kirkby. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition.4th end.International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland.
Norris, J., M. E. D. Graham, J. Charbonneau and A. Gosselin. 1994. Impact of irrgation management of greenhousetomato: yield, nutrition, and Salinity of peat substrate. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74:497-503.
Ozanne, P. G. 1980. Crop Science Society of American. Madison, WI, USA.
Raghothama, K. G. 1999. Phosphate acquisition. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. 50:665-693.
Shoji, T. 1991. Import of calcium by tomato fruit in relation to the day-night periodicity. Sci. Hort. 45:235-243.
Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 2002. Plant Physiology.The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company. Inc.
Wilson, S. B., P. J. Stoffella and D. A. Graetz. 2002. Development of compostbasded media for containerized perennials. Sci. Hort. 93:311-320.
Yoshida, S., F. Dpuglosa, C. Janosh, and G. Gwachai. 1976. Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rics. Internatuonal Rice Research Institute, Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Phillippines.