臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

日本鰻經連續口服投與20 mg/kg及40 mg/kg劑量之恩氟奎林羥酸(enrofloxacin) 5日後，以高效能液相層析法 (HPLC) 檢測恩氟奎林羥酸及其代謝產物ciprofloxacin在肝臟、腎臟、肌肉及血清中之殘留濃度。綜合實驗結果，投與20 mg/kg組之檢測結果，日本鰻的肝臟投藥後24小時，腎臟、肌肉及血清於投藥後8小時，其檢出量最高，分別為2.31、14.69、1.59及5.12 μg/mL。肝臟及腎臟於投藥後768小時仍可檢測出。血清於投藥後480小時、肌肉於投藥後600小時則檢測不出。40 mg/kg組之檢測結果，鰻魚的肝臟、腎臟、肌肉及血清皆於投藥後8小時，其檢出量最高，分別為3.99、22.16、2.33及13.10 μg/mL。而肝臟、腎臟及血清於投藥後768小時仍可檢測出。肌肉於投藥後600小時則檢測不出。實驗得知腎臟應是最具代表性之採樣器官，除了具有方便性與樣本量大之優點外，亦為enrofloxacin與ciprofloxacin殘留性最高的組織。對於採樣時間點而言，由於enrofloxacin與ciprofloxacin的半生期均長，在投藥後32天 (768小時)，仍可測得各臟器中的藥物殘留，因此，在使用該藥品後，最少32天內之採樣應均為有效。

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FLD) was used to exam the concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in Japanese eels after administration two different doses of enrofloxacin (20 or 40 mg/kg b.w.) 5 days continuously by oral route. Four different kinds of tissue samples from liver, kidney, muscle and serum were collected for residue studies. The results indicated that when eels were treated with 20 mg/kg of the compounds, the highest concentration was detected at the 24th hours in liver, and the 8th hours in kidney, muscle and serum after administration, and the concentration was 2.31, 14.69, 1.59 and 5.12 μg/mL, respectively. After 768 hours of the treatment, the compounds were still detected in liver and kidney. However after 480 hours in the serum and 600 hours in the muscle, it was not able to be detected. In contrast, when eels were administered by 40 mg/kg of the compounds, the peak was detected at the 8th hours in liver, kidney, muscle and serum after treatment, and the concentration was 3.99, 22.16, 2.33 and 13.10 μg/ml, respectively. Even after 768 hours of different treatments, the compounds were still able to be detected in liver, kidney and serum. However, after 600 hours of treatment, it was undetectable in muscle. In conclusion, kidney is recommended as the best sampling tissue because it is convenient to sample, its quantity is lot, and the residual concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in it are the highest. With regard to the issue of the sampling timing, a sample collected within 32 days (768 hours) would be useful because the residuals in organs are able to be detected after 32 days of administration caused by the longer half life times of the enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………　 i
英文摘要　……………………………………………………………… ii
目次 …………………………………………………………………… iii
表次 …………………………………………………………………… vii
圖次 …………………………………………………………………… viii
第一章　前言 ………………………………………………………　 1
第二章　文獻回顧 …………………………………………………　 3
　2.1 鰻魚養殖概況　…………………………………………………　 3
　2.2 鰻魚常見細菌性疾病簡介　……………………………………　 4
　　2.2.1 愛德華氏菌症 (Edwardsiellosis) …………………………　 4
　　2.2.2 產氣單胞菌症 (Aeromonad infection) ……………………　 5
　　2.2.3 產黃桿菌症 (Flavobacteriosis) ……………………………　 5
　　2.2.4 鏈球菌症 (Streptococcosis) ………………………………　 6
　2.3鰻魚用動物用藥品規範　………………………………………　 6
　2.4奎林類 (Quinolones) 藥物　 ……………………………………　 7
　　2.4.1恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之簡介 …………………… 7
　　2.4.2恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之結構與物理化學特性 … 7
　　2.4.3 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之臨床用途 ……………　 8
　　2.4.4 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之作用機制 ……………　 9
　　2.4.5 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之抗藥性機轉 ………… 10
　　2.4.6 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之副作用 ……………… 10
2.4.7 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 在人類之風險評估 …… 11
　　2.4.8 西普氟奎林羧酸 (Ciprofloxacin) 之簡介 ……………… 12
　　2.4.9 西普氟奎林羧酸 (Ciprofloxacin) 之結構與物理化學特性 　12
　　2.4.10 西普氟奎林羧酸 (Ciprofloxacin) 之臨床用途 ………　 12
　2.5藥物分析方法 …………………………………………………　 13
　2.6現行法律規定標準 ……………………………………………　 14
　2.7 藥物殘留與公共衛生之關係 …………………………………　 15
第三章　材料與方法 …………………………………………………　 16
　3.1 實驗動物 ………………………………………………………　 16
　3.2 動物投藥 ………………………………………………………　 16
　3.3 樣品採集 ………………………………………………………　 16
3.4 檢驗方法之建立 ………………………………………………　 17
　3.5 儀器設備及器材 ………………………………………………　 17
　3.6 標準品及試藥 …………………………………………………　 18
　 3.6.1 恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 之標準品 ……………… 18
　　3.6.2 西普氟奎林羧酸 (Ciprofloxacin) 之標準品 ……………　 18
　　3.6.3 其它試液 …………………………………………………　 19
3.7 標準溶液之配製 ………………………………………………　 19
　3.8 萃取液之配製 …………………………………………………　 19
　3.9 移動相之選定 ………………………………………………… 19
　3.10 pH 3.0緩衝液 …………………………………………………　 19
　3.11 C18固相萃取管匣 (cartrige) 之活化 ………………………　 19
　3.12 樣品萃取 ……………………………………………………　 20
3.13 檢液淨化 ……………………………………………………　 20
　3.14 回收率測定 …………………………………………………　 20
　3.15 鑑別試驗及含量測定 ………………………………………　 21
3.16 分析條件 ……………………………………………………　 21
第四章　結果 ………………………………………………………　 22
　4.1恩氟奎林羧酸 (Enrofloxacin) 標準曲線製作 ………………　 22
　4.2西普氟奎林羧酸 (Ciprofloxacin) 標準曲線製作 ……………　 22
　4.3 肝臟之回收率測定結果 ………………………………………　 22
　4.4 腎臟之回收率測定結果 ………………………………………　 23
　4.5 肌肉之回收率測定結果 ………………………………………　 23
　4.6 血清之回收率測定結果 ………………………………………　 24
　4.7 殘留性試驗結果 ………………………………………………　 24
第五章　討　論 ……………………………………………………　53
參考文獻　……………………………………………………………… 60
附錄　…………………………………………………………………… 68

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