本研究目的在於改善傳統ACQ處理材藥劑易流失之缺點，採用O&;D壓縮前處理與藥劑添加等方法處理木材，以有效固著處理材內之ACQ防腐藥劑，進而提升其耐腐朽效能。為評估新防腐處理方法對於處理材之性質與耐腐性，本研究將試材先經O&;D壓縮前處理後，再以加壓注入法注入6%之烷基銅銨化合物(Ammoniacal copper quats, ACQ)，並以光電子光譜儀(Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, ESCA)、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)與能量散射光譜分析儀(Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, EDX)等儀器，分析處理材內藥劑之銅離子(Cu)分佈及含量，並依據ASTM E10-01(2004)實木塊標準方法採用褐腐菌(Laetiporus sulphureus、Gloeophyllum trabeum)及白腐菌(Trametes versicolor)等進行耐腐朽性評估試驗。此外，為改善ACQ處理材藥劑易流失之缺點，試材以不同濃度之烷基銅銨化合物與三種螯合劑(乙二胺四乙酸，ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA；沒食子酸丙酯，propyl gallate, PG；單寧，tannin, TA)處理，再分別進行淋溶試驗；淋溶液內與處理材之銅離子含量測定，採用感應耦合電漿光譜儀 (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES)與X-光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, XRF)進行分析，以評估處理材之藥劑流失性。由研究結果顯示，不同斷面之防腐處理材經ESCA、FTIR及EDX等儀器測定分析證實，以經壓縮前處理之ACQ處理材，其藥劑滲透深度較深且均勻，而Cu含量亦較未經壓縮前處理材者高；兩種處理材經耐腐朽性試驗後，以經O&;D壓縮前處理之ACQ防腐材之質量損失率較小，具有較佳之耐腐朽性。以ICP-AES與XRF分析螯合劑對於ACQ處理材之耐淋溶性結果顯示， ACQ處理材之藥劑留存率，隨著ACQ藥劑濃度之增加而提升；6% ACQ處理材、6% ACQ與2% PG、EDTA與TA後處理材之藥劑流失率分別為37.6、26.5、36.48與11.38%；三種螯合劑中以單寧對於藥劑流失性之改善效果最優異。6% ACQ處理材經褐腐菌(L. sulphureus與G. trabeum)及白腐菌(T. versicolor)等實木塊耐腐朽性試驗後，其質量損失率分別為32.82、41.98與20.31%；而同樣的耐腐朽性試驗之6% ACQ與2%、4%或6%單寧處理材，其質量損失率皆小於2%，添加螯合劑-單寧可以有效地改善ACQ處理材之藥劑流失性與耐腐朽性。

The objective of this research was to improve the fungal resistance of wood treated with ACQ preservative. Two methods including O&D treatment and chemicals addition were individually applied together with the traditional wood preservation treatment to improve the chemical leachability in ACQ-treated wood. To evaluate the effects of O&D treatment on the chemical distribution and durability of treated-wood, tested specimens were treated with O&D treatment and then treated with 6% ammoniacal copper quats (ACQ) using full cell pressure process. Following the treatment, the concentrations and distributions of copper ion at different depth of cross section in the treated-woods were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Brown-rot fungi (Laetiporus sulphureus and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) were applied in soil block test for fungal decay resistance test of the treated woods as described in ASTM E10-01 (2004). Effects of chelators on the improvement of the leachability and reduction in copper ion losses in ACQ-treated wood were determined by impregnating with the different concentrations of ACQ and each one of three chemical chelator (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA; propyl gallate, PG; and tannin, TA). The ACQ and chelator treated-woods were further leached by distilled water. The chemical losses in the leachate as well as the concentrations of copper ion and copper contents in the treated-woods before and after leaching were further analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Results revealed that the ACQ chemical distribution and permeation in O&D treat-wood at different depth in the cross section, as analyzed by ESCA, FTIR and EDX, were more even and deeper than those of the non-O&D treated-wood. Meanwhile, O&D treated-wood showed less mass losses after exposure to soil block test than those of the non-O&D treated-wood, indicating the fungal decay resistance of wood can be improved by O&D treatment. The leachability of wood treated with chelators, as analyzed by ICP-AES and XRF, suggested that chemical retention in the ACQ treated-wood increased as increasing the concentrations of treated chemical. Following the leaching test, the chemical losses in wood treated with 6% ACQ, 6% ACQ along with each one of 2% chelator, TA, EDTA or PG, were 37.6, 26.5, 36.48 and 11.38%, respectively. Among the three chelators, wood treated with ACQ and tannin had the lowest leachability. Mass losses of 6% ACQ-treated wood after exposed to brown-rot Fungi (L. sulphureus and G. rabeumt) and a white-rot fungus (T. versicolo) in soil block test were 32.82%, 41.98% and 20.31%, respectively. However, mass losses in the same fungal decay resistance test for wood treated with 6% ACQ combined with either 2, 4 or 6% TA were all less than 2%, indicating wood treated with ACQ and chelator of tannin can effectively reduce the chemical loss and improve the fungal decay resistance of treated wood.

摘要................................................I
Abstract...........................................III
謝誌................................................V
目錄................................................VII
圖表目錄............................................X
壹、前言............................................1
貳、文獻回顧........................................4
一、木材之降解......................................4
(一)褐腐菌.........................................4
(二) 白腐菌........................................6
二、木材防腐劑應具備之條件...........................7
(一)對危害或棲息木材之生物具有足夠毒性................7
(二)需維持適當之效性及穩定性.........................8
(三)配方需能均勻滲透於木材中.........................8
(四)對哺乳動物之毒效低，不易污染環境..................8
(五)對金屬無腐蝕性..................................8
(六)配方易調配、價格低廉.............................8

三、常見木材防腐劑之介紹.............................8
(一)鉻化砷酸銅(chromated copper arsenate , CCA).....9
(二)銅硼唑化合物(ammoniacal copper azole, CuAz).....9
(三)烷基銅銨化合物(ammoniacal copper quats, ACQ)...10
四、木材防腐劑之有效成分及其抑制機制..................12
五、藥劑留存率與防腐效能之改善.......................13
(一)O&D壓縮前處理..................................13
(二)螯合劑對處理材中藥劑流失性之影響..................16
(三)使用之螯合劑....................................17
参、材料與方法......................................26
一、試驗材料........................................26
(一)試材...........................................26
(二)木材防腐藥劑....................................26
(三)木材腐朽菌......................................26
(四)培養基..........................................26
(五)土壤 ...........................................26
(六)試藥............................................27
二、試驗方法.........................................27
(一)未經與經O&D壓縮前處理之柳杉防腐材..................27
(二)試材防腐藥劑處理(含浸試驗)........................28
(三)性質分析........................................31
(四)抗腐朽性試驗....................................32
肆、結果與討論......................................37
一、O&D壓縮前處理之防腐..............................37
(一)O&D壓縮前處理之防腐材銅離子含量分析................38
(二)未經、經O&D壓縮前處理防腐材之耐腐朽性試驗...........49
二、ACQ處理材內之銅離子含量...........................55
(一)ACQ處理材經硝化後之銅離子含量.....................55
(二)ACQ處理材之藥劑留存率及其流失率測定................56
三、ACQ與螯合劑處理材之銅離子含量.....................56
(一)ACQ與螯合劑處理材之藥劑留存率與流失率測定..........56
(二)ACQ與螯合劑處理材之淋溶液中銅離子含量..............58
(三)ACQ與螯合劑處理材之銅離子含量測定.................60
(四)ACQ與螯合劑之抑菌效果............................63
(五)ACQ與單寧螯合劑處理材之耐腐朽性試驗................64
伍、結論............................................71
參考文獻............................................73
作者簡介............................................84

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