本論文嘗試探討詹姆士.鮑爾溫第一本小說《山巔宏音》中的黑人教會及黑人社群，特別是試圖了解為何宗教(基督教)對非裔美人產生沉重的陰影。筆者主張鮑爾溫一方面藉由引述聖經典故、章節及教會歌曲生動地描述了一個活生生的虔誠黑人社群，另一方面，他卻藉由如藍調般充滿憂傷又詼諧的敘述口吻沉靜地控訴一個靈魂空洞的黑人教會。第一章以《山巔宏音》為主要文本，而與其自傳性短文《下回是火》比較閱讀，探討鮑德溫與神永不休止的爭戰。第二章說明黑人教會之興起與發展，試圖解釋黑人社群為何及如何接納當初默不關心的白人上帝成為他們的上帝。第三章，就哈林位於資本主義大城市“紐約”內的地理位置，探討哈林黑人社區縮影的重要性(以及無力感)。第四章討論黑人教會的表演藝術，和黑人教會之外的世俗音樂。鮑德溫聰明地借上帝的矛和盾--聖經語言和黑人音樂--作為他的書寫工具。最後，筆者斷定《山巔宏音》為鮑德溫作為一個世俗世界的寓言，因為在《山巔宏音》中，他已經像唱藍調福音般地對世界講述一則寓言。

This thesis aims to investigate the black church and black community in James Baldwin’s first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain. Particularly, it probes how and why the religion, namely Christianity, casts a loaded shadow for African Americans. I argue that Baldwin, on the one hand, vigorously illustrates a bodily pious black community by bombarding us with heaps of biblical texts and church songs; on the other hand, he serenely indicts a spiritually hollow black church by narrating a blues-like comically sad tone. I discuss Baldwin’s relentless wrestle with God in Chapter One. I suggest reading Go Tell It on the Mountain together with Baldwin’s essay, The Fire Next Time, to flesh out the weighty issue of religion in the text. Since black community and black church generally symbolizes each other in the early history of Africa American lives, I make a detour to explore the emergence and development of the Black Church in Chapter Two. It is also an attempt to explain how the white God in the U.S.A. becomes black and how and why black community eventually accepts the then indifferent God to be their own. In Chapter Three, I look into the importance (and impotence) of the epitome of black community—Harlem—in terms of its geographical location, position, and structure within the capitalist metropolis, New York. This chapter travels with John Grimes, the protagonist, to see the white man’s world and to investigate the impossibility and oxymoron of “black flâneur.” Then I discuss in Chapter Four the performing arts of the Black Church, as well as the secular music outside of the Black Church. Baldwin intelligently borrows God’s spear and shield—the language in the Bible and the music played inside (and later outside) the Black Church—as his writing tool to tell a gospel-like parable. At last, I would conclude that GTIM serves as a parable of the secular world for Baldwin has sung a blues gospel to the world.

Table of Contents
Introduction ……1
Chapter One Baldwin’s Wrestle with God: Go Tell It on the Mountain and The Fire Next Time ……17
Chapter Two “I am the LORD Your God”: The Crippled Almighty God and Black Church ……40
Chapter Three The Black Boy Looks at the White Man’s City: A “Black Flâneur” from the Valley ……59
Chapter Four God’s Spear and Shield: Language and Music in Go Tell It on the Mountain ……84
Conclusion ……109
Works Cited ……113
Appendices ……123

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Discography
24-Carat Black. Ghetto: Misfortune’s Wealth. Stax UK. 1999.