臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生殖腺在大多數擁有較複雜的生殖系統的生物體內都是一個明確的器官，並
且有確切的位置。海百合綱的生殖腺相當分散，每個腕及生殖羽肢中都分布著生
殖細胞，在生殖腺成熟或接近生殖季時生殖羽肢會有明顯腫脹的情形。本研究之
對象為台灣南部墾丁海域的兩科七種海羊齒，分別為櫛羽星科(Comasteridae)的
斑櫛羽球Comatella maculata、黑櫛羽球Comatella nigra、多環櫛羽星Comaster
multifidus、雙棘櫛羽星Comaster distinctus、小捲海齒花Comanthus parvicirrus
和短羽支科(Colobometridae)的餘翅短羽支Colobometra perspinosa、和美羽支科
(Himerometridae)的巨翅美羽支Himerometra magnipinna。而本研究的主要目的，
是想瞭解海羊齒生殖腺的配置，是否可能有適應機制，以及其個體內腕長的分布
是否會因棲息環境不同而有所差異。七種海羊齒出現生殖腺的月份沒有特別集中
在某個季節。海羊齒的最大腕長和腕數的關係有三個型式：固定腕數、兩者成正
比的線性關係以及成二次式的關係，其中腕數有漸近值；由此可知最大腕長是比
較恰當的個體大小指標。其中在斑櫛羽球、雙棘櫛羽星、多環櫛羽星發現成熟的
個體是顯著大於沒有生殖成熟的個體；雌雄間個體大小無差異。海羊齒生殖腺配
置的方式都是從靠近體盤處開始向腕末端延伸，生殖羽肢佔總羽肢數之比例與腕
長沒有關係，然而在小捲海齒花卻呈現負相關。根據斷腕重生的紀錄看來，雖然
腕大多斷在基部，但可能斷在腕末端因再生快無法看出。研究結果並不支持因為
腕生長速度太快以致腕末端的生殖腕的組織細胞來不及發育；不同地點間生殖羽
肢只在寬度上有差異，生殖羽肢所佔比例則沒有顯著不同。因此推測海羊齒生殖
腺配置的方式可能是適應避免因斷腕損失生殖腺，而都從靠近體盤的位置開始分
布，也可能在發育時受到限制。不同於其他種海羊齒的腕長在個體內呈常態分
布，穴居的小捲海齒花有特別的長腕，這些長腕有聚集的現象，並且其露在外側
的腕多為長腕，它們生殖羽肢的數目較少並且斷腕的機會也較大，這可能也是生
殖腺配置方式是適應的證據之一，且顯然小捲海齒花的腕已有分化的現象。

Gonads are distinct organs in organisms with complicated reproductive systems,
and they have specific locations in the body. The gonads of crinoids, however, are
scattered in numerous genital pinnules of their arms. We studied seven species of
feather stars, Comatella maculata (Carpenter, 1888), Comatella nigra (Carpenter,
1888), Comaster multifidus (M

壹、前言.................................................................................................................. 1
貳、材料和方法....................................................................................................... 6
參、結果.................................................................................................................. 9
肆、討論................................................................................................................ 14
參考文獻................................................................................................................ 20

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