臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在於收集高雄港內海蜘蛛，以鑑種和時空分佈組成建立對海蜘蛛研究的基本資料。實驗以吊掛收集網的方式，在高雄港內設立8處測站，進行為期15個月的收集，收集到的海蜘蛛做種類鑑定並計數。
在高雄港內出現的海蜘蛛可分為4科，7屬，8個不同的種類，包含：軀幹呈圓盤狀，吻部為三角錐形的Achelia japonica；具有觸鬚以及退化螯肢的 Ammothella sp.；軀幹為圓形，但活體具有紅色斑紋的Tanystylum duospinum；頭部具明顯大螯的Callipallene amaxana、四肢粗壯的Pigrogromitus timsanus；不具輔爪的Anoplodactylus sp.1、Anoplodactylus sp.2以及頭部沒有觸鬚及螯肢的Endeis sp.。
在高雄港每月平均可獲得111.4隻個體；最優勢的海蜘蛛種類為：Ammothella sp.佔所有樣本的37.8％，最少的種類是Anoplodactylus sp.2，佔0.2％。高雄港內海蜘蛛族群在月份間變化無顯著差異，但在測站間變化則有顯著差異，Ammothella sp.、C. amaxana、Anoplodactylus sp.1與Endeis sp有顯著性別間體長差異(P<0.05)；T. duospinum以及A. echinata sinensis會有月份間體長差異(P<0.05)

The goal of the present research is to collect basic data for a study on the species composition and spatiotemporal distribution of pycnogonida (sea spider) in the Port of Kaohsiung. We used collecting net to collect samples from 8 stations within the Port of Kaohsiung during a 15-month period from March 2007 to May 2008. all pycnogonids collected were identified, if possible to species level, counted, and measured.
There were eight taxa of pycnogonids in our collection belonging to four family and seven genera, including: Achelia japonica with rounded trunk and pyramid proboscis, Ammothella sp. with palp and degrade chelifore, Tanystylum duospinum with rounded trunk which bears color stripes in live specimens, Callipallene amaxana with large and functional chelifore, Pigrogromitus timsanus with robust and short walking lags, Anoplodactylus spp.1and 2 without auxiliary claws, and Endeis sp. with elongate trunk and without cephalic appendages.
The average monthly catch of pycnogonid specimens from the Port of Kaoshiung in our collection was 111.4. Ammothella sp. was the most dominant taxon, contributing to 37.8% of the total collection while Anoplodactylus sp.2 was the laest abundant taxon, amounting to only 0.2％ of the total number. Monthly catch of pycnogonids was not significantly different between months but significantly different between stations. Significant length difference between sex was noted in Ammothella sp.、C. amaxana、Anoplodactylus sp.1 and Endeis sp(P<0.05) and significant difference in monthly body length was found in T.duospinum and A. japonica (P<0.05).

目錄……………………………………………….…………...………II
表目錄…………………………………………………………...……III
圖目錄……………………………………………………………..…IV
照片目錄………………………………………………….….…..……V
中文摘要……………………………………………………….….…VI
英文摘要………………………………………...………….....….…VII
謝詞……………………………………………....……..….………VIII
前言………………………………………………..……….…..….......1
材料及方法………………………………………..………………..…6
結果……………………………………………….……………..…….9
討論……………………………………………………………..……26
參考資料………………………………………....…………….…….42
表………………………………………………….………….………46
圖……………………………………………….……………….……53
照片………………………………………….………………….……65

于名振(2001)： 動物系統分類綱要。水產出版
溫意平(1994)：中型毛蝦 Acetes intermedius Omori (1975) (Decapoda :
Sergestidae) 之生物學研究。國立中山大學海洋資源所碩士論文。
吳松霖(1999)：華美盤管蟲Hydroides elegans 在高雄港內附苗的時空
差異。國立中山大學海洋資源所碩士論文。
Arango, C. P. (2003). Sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) from the
Great Barrier Reef, Australia: new species, new records and ecological
annotations. Journal of Natural History 37:2723-2772
Arnaud, F. and Bamber,R.N.(1987) The biology of pycnogonida.
Advance in Marine Biology 24: 1-96
Bain, B.A. (2003). Larval types and a summary of postembryonic
development within the pycnogonids. Invertebrate Reproduction and
Devlopment 43(3): 193-222
Bamber, R.N.(1979). A new species of Endeis(Pycnogonida) from West
Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London
65:251-254
Bamber, R.N.(1986). The itinerant sea-spider Ammothea
hilgendorfi(Böhm) in British waters. Proceedings of the Hampshire
Field Club and Archaeological Society 41:269-270
Bamber, R.N., Thurston, M.H.(1995). The deep-water pycnogonids
(Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115:117-162
Bamber, R.N.(2004). Pycnogonids (Arthropoda : Pycnogonida) from
Taiwan, with description of three new species. Zootaxa 458, 1-12
Barreto, F.S.,Avise, J.C.(2008). Polygynandry and sexual size
dimorphism in the sea spider Ammothea hilgendorfi (Pycnogonida:
Ammotheidae), a marine arthropod with brood-carrying males.
Molecular Ecology 17:4164-4175.
Bamber, R.N., El Nagar, A. (Eds) (2009). Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida
Database. Available online at
http://www.marinespecies.org/pycnobase/ accessed on 2009-06-10

Bilinski, SM, Szymanska B, Miyazaki K.(2008). Formation of an egg
envelope in the pycnogonid, propallene longiceps (Pycnogonida,
Callipallenidae). Arthropod Structure & Development 37(2): 155-162
Bisby, F.A., Roskov, Y.R., Orrell, T.M., Nicolson, D., Paglinawan, L.E.,
Bailly, N., Kirk, P.M., Bourgoin, T., Baillargeon, G., eds (2009).
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2009 Annual Checklist
Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Child, C.A. (1975). Pycnogonida of Western Australia. Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology 190: 1-28
Child, C.A. (1979). Shallow-Water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of
Panama and the Coasts of Middle America. Smithsonian Contributions
to Zoology 293: 1-86
Child, C.A. (1982). Deep-Sea Pycnogonida from the North and South
Atlantic Basins. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 349: 1-52
Child, C.A. (1988). Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, III:
Recent Smithsonian-Philippine Expeditions.Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology 468: 1-30
Child, C.A. (1992). Pycnogonida of the Southeast Pacific Biological
Oceanographic Project (SEPBOP).Smithsonian Contributions to
Zoology 526: 1-43
Child, C.A.(1994). Deep-Sea Pycnogonida from the Temperate West
Coast of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,
536:1-23
Child, C.A.(1995a). Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, XI:
Collections from the Aleutians and other Bering Sea Islands, Alaska.
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 569:1-30
Child, C.A.(1995b). Some Pycnogonida From the Western Caribbean
with descriptions of three new species. Bulletin of Marine Science
74(1):143-161
Dunlop, J.A. and Arango, C.P. (2005). Pycnogonid affinities: A review.
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43(1):
8-21
Fry, W., G. (1978). A classification within the pycnogonids. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society 63:35-58

Genzano, G.N. (2002) Associations between pycnogonids and hydroids
from the Buenos Aires littoral zone, with observations on the
semi-parasitic life cycle of Tanystylum orbiculare (Ammotheiidae).
Scientia Marina 66(1):83-92
Hilton, W. A. (1939):A preliminary list of pycnognids (SIC!) from the
shores of California. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Pomona
College, Claremont 31(2): 27-35.
Hilton, W.A. (1942): Pycnogonids from Hawaii. Occasional Papers from
the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 17 (3): 43-55.
Jarvis, J.H. and King, P.E.(1972). Reproduction and development in the
pycnogonid Pycnogonum littorale. Marine Biology 13:146-155
Krapp, F. and Sconfietti, R.(1983). Ammothea hilgendorfu(Böhm, 1879),
an adventitious pycnogonid for the Mediterranean Sea. Marine
Ecology 4:123-132
Lehmann, T., Gailer, J.P., Melzer, R.R, Schwabe, E (2007). A
scanning-electron microscopic study of dickdellia labioflecta (dell,
1990) (gastropoda, littorinoidea) on colossendeis megalonyx
megalonyx fry and hedgpeth, 1969 (pycnogonida, colossendeidae): a
test for ectoparasitism. Polar Biology 30(2): 243-248
León, T. M. (2001). A new species of Ammothea (Pycnogonida) and other
pycnogonids from Livingston Island and surrounding waters(South
Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Antarctic Science 13(2):144-149
Lovely, E. C.(2005). The Life history of Phoxichilidium tubulariae
(Pycnogonida: Phoxichilidiidae). Northeastern Naturalist 12(1):77-92
Lou, T. H.(1936). Sur deux nouvelles varietes de Pycnogonides
recueillies a Tsing-Tao, dans la baie de Kiao-Chow, Chine.
Contributions from the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of
Peiping, 3(1): 1-34
Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child (1983). Shallow-water Pycnogonida from
the Izu Peninsula, Japan. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
386:1-71
Marcus, E. (1940): Os Pantopoda brasileiros e os demais sulamericanos.
Boletim da Faculdade de Filosoia, Ciéncias e Letras da Universidade
de Sao Paulo 19 (1940b): 3-179, tab. 1-17
Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child (1991). Pycnogonida from waters adjacent
to Japan. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 512:1-64
Ortmann, A.E. (1890): Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. Döderlein
in Japan gesammelten Pycnogoniden. Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 5(1): 157-168.

Richards, P.R. and Fry, W.G.(1978). Pycnogonid digestion: a study of
polar forms. In”Sea Spiders(Pycnogonida)”. Zoological Journal of the
Linnean Society of London 63:75-97
Ryland, J. S. (1976). Pycnogonid predators. In “Physiology and Ecology
of Marine Bryozoans”. Advances in Marine Biology 14:417-421
Stock, J.H. (1954). Four New Tanystylum Species, and Other
Pycnogonida from the West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao
and Other Caribbean Islands 5:115-129
Stock, J.H.(1959). On some South African Pycnogonida of the University
of Cape Town ecological survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of
South Africa 33:549-567