臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線通訊系統經常因為功率放大器非線性失真之影響以及本地振盪器注入牽引之現象而惡化射頻訊號完整性。本論文研究功\率放大器與本地振盪器在故意輸入失真或干擾下之行為，藉此討論所造成之訊號完整性以及改善方法，並探索在無線通訊上的創新應用。基於這樣的思維，本論文涵蓋了三個研究題目。首先，本論文採用基頻數位預失真技術來提升無線射頻發射機的線性度，所實現之數位預失真器能同時針對線性功\率放大器與切換式功率放大器非線性特性所引起的振幅與相位失真進行補償。第二，本論文針對本地振盪源易受注入訊號干擾的特性進行了完整的分析。本論文提出一種頻域分析方法，能得知鎖相迴路對注入訊號的影響在頻域中具有一帶通響應，並能準確預測鎖相迴路受到同頻干擾時之相位雜訊變化；本論文同時提出一種離散時域的分析方法，能夠準確預測本地振盪源受到正弦訊號或調制訊號注入干擾時，本地振盪源的輸出頻譜。最後，本論文提出一種能應用於感知無線電系統的射頻感測電路架構；所提出之射頻感測電路利用振盪器注入鎖定與頻率解調技術能快速且可靠地感測出環境頻譜中類比或數位調制訊號的頻率位置與功\率準位。除此之外，本論文並提出一個離散時域的計算模型用以預測射頻感測電路之感測結果。

In a wireless communication system, the RF signal integrity is often deteriorated by power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity and local oscillator (LO) pulling. This dissertation attempts to study power amplifier and local oscillator with the deliberate input distortion or interference for understanding, and hence improving, the resultant RF signal integrity issues. Furthermore, the scope of this study is extended to explore novel wireless applications. Based on the above thoughts, this dissertation includes three topics. The first topic is devoted to a baseband digital predistortion technique for enhancing the power amplifier linearity in a wireless RF transmitter. A digital predistorter has been designed to compensate the amplitude and phase distortion due to the nature of PAs, and the predistortion can enhance the linearity of linear PAs as well as switching-mode PAs. The second topic proceeds with a rigorous analysis of a local oscillator subject to injection signal. A phase-locked loop (PLL) under injection is analyzed in frequency domain to account for the inherent band-pass filtering on an injection signal. Such analysis can further predict the effect of co-frequency or co-channel interference on the PLL phase noise. A discrete-time analysis is also provided to predict output spectra of the LO pulled by a sinusoidal and modulated injection signal. The final topic presents a novel RF sensing circuit for a cognitive radio to sense spectral environment using injection locking and frequency demodulation techniques. The proposed RF sensing circuit can fast and reliably detect frequency and power for analog and digital modulation signals. In addition, the sensing principle and circuit architecture are delivered on theoretical basis developed in this dissertation. A discrete time approach is also investigated to compute the sensed output signal.

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Motivation 1
1.2 Power Amplifier Nonlinearity 2
1.3 Linearization Techniques 2
1.3.1 Feedback Linearization 4
1.3.2 Feedforward Linearization 4
1.3.3 Predistortion Techniques 5
1.4 Local Oscillator Pulling 12
1.4.1 Injection Locking 13
1.4.2 Injection Pulling 13
1.4.3 Injection Pulling on Phase-Locked Loops 15
1.5 Applications of Injection-Locked Oscillators 16
1.5.1 Synchronous Amplifier 16
1.5.2 Subharmonic Injection-Locked Oscillator 17
1.5.3 Superharmonic Injection-Locked Oscillator and Frequency Divider 20
1.6 Overview of Dissertation 20
2 Power Amplifier Linearization 21
2.1 Transmitter Architecture 21
2.2 Baseband Predistorter and Applied Systems 23
2.2.1 Quadrature Modulator-Based Transmitter 23
2.2.2 HQPM-Based Transmitter 25
2.2.3 Baseband Digital Predistorter 28
2.3 Results and Discussions 29
2.3.1 Quadrature Modulator-Based Transmitter 30
2.3.2 HQPM-Based Transmitter 33
2.4 Summary 37
3 Analysis of a Phase-Locked Oscillator under Injection 38
3.1 Generalized Locking Equation 39
3.1.1 The Proposed Approach 39
3.1.2 Locking Range 43
3.1.3 Frequency Pulling 44
3.1.4 Synchronization Condition 45
3.2 Injection-Pulling on Phase-Locked Loops 47
3.2.1 Loop Equation 47
3.2.2 Frequency Domain Approach 49
3.2.3 Discrete-time Domain Approach 51
3.3 Phase Noise Analysis 52
3.3.1 Phase Noise of an Injection-Locked Oscillator 52
3.3.2 Phase Noise of a Phase-Locked Oscillator under Injection 55
3.4 Results and Discussions 58
3.4.1 Sinusoidal Signal Injection 58
3.4.2 Modulated Signal Injection 64
3.5 Summary 66
4 An RF Sensing Circuit for Cognitive Radio Applications 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Sensing Architecture and Mechanism 68
4.2.1 System Architecture and Operation 68
4.2.2 Sensing Principle 69
4.2.3 Frequency Demodulation 73
4.2.4 Frequency and Power Detection 74
4.3 Computed and Experimental Results 75
4.3.1 Sinusoidal Signal Sensing Results 76
4.3.2 Modulation Signal Sensing Results 77
4.3.3 Receiver Detection Results 79
4.4 Summary 81
5 Conclusions 82
Bibliography 84
Appendix
A Derivation of the Locking Equation in Discrete-time Domain 94
Vita 96

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