目的：本研究以引導假說，結合動作發展觀點，探討自主要求的自我控制回饋頻率與年齡差異及其交互作用對動作表現、學習與錯誤偵察能力的影響。方法：招募兒童、成人與老人共90位實驗參與者，在獲得期進行線性移動工作60次試作。實驗參與者皆接受自我控制回饋的操弄，並依各組在獲得期相對回饋頻率高低，分成相對較高頻率自我控制回饋組與相對較低頻率自我控制回饋組。依變項為動作距離絕對誤差值、錯誤估計絕對誤差值與自我控制回饋頻率。獲得期以混合設計三因子變異數（年齡頻率區間）進行分析，其中區間為重複量數；立即與延遲保留測驗以獨立樣本二因子變異數（年齡頻率）進行分析；此外，以混合設計二因子變異數分析（年齡練習期），計算獲得期的回饋頻率，其中練習期為重複量數。結果：一、在獲得期絕對誤差值上，只有年齡和區間達顯著差異，且成人優於兒童，而在獲得期的回饋頻率上，年齡與練習期的交互作用達統計顯著差異；二、在立即與延遲保留測驗的絕對誤差值和錯誤估計絕對誤差值皆顯示，年齡與回饋頻率的交互作用達統計顯著差異。結論：促進動作表現和學習的最佳自我控制回饋頻率，隨年齡而改變。建議：任何有關獲得動作技能的描述，必須考量發展的條件。

This study combined the concept of guidance hypothesis and motor development to investigate the effects of frequencies in self-controlled knowledge of results (SCKR) and age differences on motor performance, learning and error detection capability. Ninety participants were recruited from children, adults, and older adults. All participants performed a linear position task under the manipulation of SCKR consisting of 60 trials during acquisition phase. According to feedback relative frequency level of acquisition, participants were dived into higher or lower SCKR frequency groups. The dependent variables were the absolute error scores of movement distance (AE), error estimation (︱O－S｜), and the frequencies of SCKR. Mixed designed three-way ANOVA (ages  frequencies  blocks) with repeated measures on blocks during the acquisition phase was used. Independent two-way ANOVA (ages  frequencies) was used for immediate and delayed retention test. Moreover, we calculated the frequencies of acquisition phase by mixed designed two- way ANOVA (ages  practice phase) with repeated measures on practice phase. The results showed that (1) during acquisition phase, ages and blocks were significantly different (p＜.05), in which adults were better than children on AE, and the interaction of ages  practice phase was significantly different on frequencies (p＜.05); (2) in immediate and delayed retention test, the interactions of ages  frequencies were significantly different on AE and on ︱O－S｜ (p＜.05). The conclusion is the optimal frequencies of SCKR to enhance motor performance and learning change with age, and the suggestion is any description of motor skill acquisition must account for the developmental level.

碩士論文通過簽名表.......................................... i
論文授權書.................................................ii
中文摘要...... ...........................................iii
英文摘要...................................................iv
謝誌.......................................................v
表次......................................................ix
圖次.......................................................x
第壹章 緒論...............................................1
第一節 問題背景............................................1
第二節 研究問題...........................................14第三節 研究的基本假定與限制................................15第四節 名詞解釋...........................................15第五節 研究的重要性.......................................18
第貮章 理論基礎與文獻探討..................................20第一節 回饋的種類.........................................20第二節 回饋頻率與引導假說.................................23　第三節 動作學習的年齡差異.................................25 第四節 自我調節學習.......................................29第五節 自我決定理論.......................................31第六節 自我控制回饋相關文獻探討............................33 第七節 文獻回顧小結.......................................37
第八節 假說..............................................38
第参章 方法..............................................40
第一節 實驗參加者.........................................40
第二節 實驗設計...........................................41
第三節 實驗工作與器材.....................................41
第四節 實驗方法及程序.....................................43
第五節 資料處理與分析.....................................47
第肆章 結果...............................................50
第一節 各組動作表現的比較.................................50
第二節 各組動作學習的比較.................................54
第三節 各組錯誤偵察能力的比較.............................56
第四節 各年齡層在練習期回饋頻率的比較......................60
第伍章 討論..............................................62
第一節 年齡與自我控制回饋頻率對動作表現的效應................62
第二節 年齡與自我控制回饋頻率對動作學習的效應................63
第三節 年齡與自我控制回饋頻率對錯誤偵察能力的效應.............66
第四節 年齡與練習期對自我控制回饋頻率的效應..................68
第五節 綜合討論...........................................70
第陸章 結論與建議..........................................74
第一節 結論...............................................74
第二節 建議..............................................75
引用文獻.................................................. 77
中文部分...................................................77
英文部分...................................................78
附錄 .....................................................87
附錄一 實驗參加者須知及同意書.............................88
附錄二 慣用手檢定.........................................89
附錄三 各項描述統計與推論統計摘要表.......................90

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