臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

低緯度海洋是全球的熱與水氣的儲存所，在大氣與海洋的交互作用上扮演著重要的角色。西太平洋暖池及東亞季風這兩大海洋與氣候系統不僅影響東亞氣候，亦主控全球氣候的變化。本研究選取位處於西太平洋暖池邊緣區之兩高解析度活塞式海洋沉積物岩心：MD972146（南海）及MD052928（新幾內亞東南外海），藉由分析不同水深棲息性之浮游有孔蟲殼體的氧穩定同位素，重建全新世以來西太平洋暖池區南、北界表層海洋的層化變化，進而據以了解所反映的暖池區與季風氣候變化。本研究利用浮游有孔蟲表層水種（Globigerinoides ruber s.s.、Globigerinoides sacculifer）與溫躍層水種（Globorotalia menardii、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei）的氧同位素差值（Δ��18O溫躍層水種-表層水種），估測表層水層化–水深溫度梯度及溫躍層深度變化。本研究發現在全新世早期（10,000–6000 B.P.），南海的氧同位素差值較全新世中晚期（6000–0 B.P.）大，可能反映全新世早期東亞夏季季風增強與降雨量增加所導致的表層水層化。相對的，本研究分析的資料顯示熱帶西太平洋全新世中晚期的氧同位素差值較全新世早期大。本研究基於有限的多種有孔蟲穩定同位素資料，假設自全新世早期至中晚期，西太平洋的間熱帶輻合帶的平均位置可能有逐漸向南遷移的趨勢，導致熱帶西太平洋暖池南緣之降雨逐漸增加，表層水層化亦逐漸增強；相對的，南海的表層層化則逐漸減弱。全新世的全球氣候變化反映在熱帶大西洋邊緣海的鈦含量指標及中國大陸東南的董歌洞穴沉積物之氧同位素記錄呈現間熱帶輻合帶在全新世逐漸南移的趨勢，與基於本研究展示的證據所得的推論一致。

The low-latitude oceans play a very important role in atmosphere and ocean interaction. Two climate components, the West Pacific Warm Pool and the Asia monsoon not only affect climate in the Asia, but also control the global climate. This study uses two high resolution cores, one located in the northern margin of West Pacific Warm Pool （MD972146）, another located in the southern margin of the warm pool （MD052928）, and analyzes stable oxygen isotopes of planktic foraminfers with different depth habitats, to reconstruct stratification changes of the surface oceans in the West Pacific Warm Pool throughout the Holocene. The planktic foraminferas species used in this study are: Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer （mixed-layer species）, and Globorotalia menardii, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei （thermocline species）. The gradients between the mixed-layer species and thermocline species （Δ��18Othermocline-mixed layer） are used to reflect the stratification changes of surface oceans. This study observes that in the early Holocene （10,000–6000 B.P.）, the stable oxygen isotope gradients in the South China Sea in the early Holocene （10,000 – 6000 B.P.） are larger than that in the late Holocene （6000 – 0 B.P.）, reflecting probably increases in the Asia summer monsoon wind and precipitation. In contrast, the isotope gradients in the western Pacific in the late Holocene are larger than that in the early Holocene. This study hypothesizes, based on the multiple planktic foraminifer isotope evidence, the Intertropical Convergence Zone （ITCZ） has been migrated southward throughout the Holocene. What this study infers is consistent with Holocene climate changes interpreted from ocean records from the Cariaco Basin, tropical Atlantic Ocean, and stalagmite records from Dongge Cave in eastern China.

一、緒論…………………………………………………………………………..…..1
1.1西太平洋暖池區自全新世以來的氣候…………………………………….1
1.2研究區域背景……………………………………………………………….2
1.3 研究目的……………………………………………………………………4
二、資料與方法………………………………………………………………………..5
2.1 岩心樣本與分析……………………………………………………………5
2.2 有孔蟲穩定同位素換算公式………………………………………………7
2.3 年代模式的建立……………………………………………………………8
三、結果…………………………………………………………………………..…..9
3.1 浮游性有孔蟲之水體垂直分布……………………………………………9
3.2 多種浮游性有孔蟲穩定氧同位素變化…………………………………..10
3.3 溫躍層-混合層梯度變化…………………..……………………………..11
3.4 中研院與成大數據比較…………………………………………………..11
四、討論…………………………………………………………………………..…..12
4.1 西太平洋暖池南北水溫差異……………………………………………..12
4.2 西太平洋暖池全新世氣候………………………………………………..12
4.3、西太平洋暖池千年尺度上的變化…………………………………..……14
五、結論…………………………………………………………………………..…..16
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………..…17
表目錄
表一、MD972146定年表……………………………………………………………21
圖目錄
圖一、ITCZ季節性位置圖………………………………………………..…………22
圖二、岩心MD972146及MD052928位置圖……………………………………..22
圖三、董哥洞及Cariaco Basin位置圖……………………………………………..23
圖四、岩心MD972146及MD052928年代模式與沉積速率圖…………………..24
圖五、浮游性有孔蟲棲息深度示意圖………………….. ………………….. ……25
圖六、MD972146四種浮游有孔蟲穩定氧同位素對年代圖及混合層種屬與溫躍層種屬平均圖…………………………………………………………………..26
圖七、MD052928四種浮游有孔蟲穩定氧同位素對年代圖及混合層種屬與溫躍層種屬平均圖…………………………………………………………………..27
圖八、MD972146 N. dutertrei數據比較圖……………………………………….....28
圖九、MD972146 G. menardii數據比較圖……………………………………….…29
圖十、MD052928 N. dutertrei數據比較圖……………………………………..…...30
圖十一、MD052928 N. dutertrei數據比較圖……………………………….……...31
圖十二、暖池南北緣氧同位素差值、董哥洞石筍氧同位素、Cariaco Basin鈦含量以及南北緯夏季日照量比較圖…………………………………………..32
圖十三、全新世ITCZ遷移示意圖…………………………………………………33

附錄一 MD972146穩定氧同位素數值………………………………………….....34
附錄二 MD052928穩定氧同位素數值…………………………………………….44

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