大氣中的二氧化碳藉由孔隙入侵鋼筋混凝土結構物是引起腐蝕的重要因素之一，影響碳化問題除材料因素外尚有環境因素如溫度和相對濕度，當相對濕度小於及大於70%時，混凝土碳化區域分別可分為已碳化區、部分碳化區和未碳化區及已碳化區和未碳化區。本論文的主要目的為探討既有鋼筋混凝土橋樑碳化壽命之預測。研究方法係分別將一維線性(擴散係數D為定值) 與非線性(D不為定值)擴散和擴散-化學反應方程式結合初始及邊界條件求得的解析解，用Mathematica套裝軟體藉由解析解算出碳化壽命，並將理論應用在大度橋和大津橋之碳化壽命預測。研究結果表明一維非線性擴散方程式適用於相對濕度大於70%的橋樑，然而當相對濕度介於50%~70%時，則是一維線性擴散-化學反應方程式較為適用。本文研究之結果可以提供作為既有鋼筋混凝土橋樑碳化壽命之預測、維修、補強或拆除之依據。

The carbonation problem due to the carbon dioxide in atmosphere penetrated into concrete through pore void is one of important factors of corrosion of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Aside from material factor, both temperature and relative humidity (RH) are the principal environment factors which influence the carbonation problem of existing RC structures. When RH are larger or less than 70%, the carbonation zone in concrete can be divided into carbonated and noncarbonated zones or carbonated, partially carbonated and noncarbonated zones, respectively. The main aim of this article is to predict the carbonation life of existing RC bridges. The investigated methods are used to find the analytical solutions of one-dimensional linear (diffusivity D = constant) and nonlinear (D ≠ constant) diffusion and diffusion-chemical reaction equations associated with initial and boundary conditions, respectively. The carbonation life can be calculated from the analytical solutions through the Mathematica software. These theoretical models are applied to predicting the carbonation life of existing Dah-du and Dah-jin RC bridges in Taiwan. The results of present studies show that the one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation is suitable for bridges under RH＞70% condition whereas the one-dimensional linear diffusion-chemical reaction equation is suitable for bridges under RH≦70%. The studied results may be offered as a crucial reference for engineering decision making for repair, strengthening or demolition of existing RC bridges.

中文摘要
ABSTRACT
符號說明
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章 緒論
1-1 研究動機
1-2 研究目的
1-3 研究方法
1-4 研究內容
第二章 既有鋼筋混凝土橋樑碳化壽命之預測
2-1前言
2-2理論模式
2-2-1經驗公式
2-2-2一維線性擴散方程式
2-2-3一維非線性擴散方程式
2-2-4一維線性擴散-化學反應方程式
2-2-5一維非線性擴散-化學反應方程式
2-3案例分析
2-4討論
2-5結論
第三章 溫度與相對濕度影響既有鋼筋混凝土橋樑碳化壽命之預測
3-1前言
3-2理論模式
3-2-1 跟溫度有關之擴散係數
3-2-2 以相對溼度為主因的部分碳化區長度
3-2-3以溫度和相對濕度有關的碳化壽命
3-3案例分析
3-4討論
3-5結論
第四章 結論與建議
4-1 結論
4-2 建議
參考文獻
附錄一

1.牛荻濤，董振平，浦聿修，預測混凝土碳化深度的隨機模型，工業建築，第29卷，第9期，1999年，pp.41-45。

2.牛荻濤，混凝土結構耐久性與壽命預測，科學出版社，北京，2003年。

3.林聖閔，混凝土碳化的數學模式及其應用，國立台灣海洋大學河海工程學系碩士論文，2001年。

4.昭凌工程顧問股份有限公司，橋樑安全檢測報告-大度橋，台灣省政府交通處公路局，1998a年。

5.昭凌工程顧問股份有限公司，橋樑安全檢測報告-大津橋，台灣省政府交通處公路局，1998b年。

6.梁明德，洪照亮，梁智信，既有鋼筋混凝土結構物在碳化誘發腐蝕下預測使用壽命，中國土木水利工程學刊，第11卷，第3期，1999年，pp.485-492。

7.張譽，蔣利學，基於碳化機理的混凝土碳化深度實用數學模型，工業建築，第28卷，第1期，1998年，pp.16-19。

8.曾學藝，夏日威，混凝土的碳化及耐久性預測，湖南交通科技，第32卷，第2期，2006年，pp.121-126。

9.蔣利學，張譽， 混凝土部分碳化區長度的分析與計算，工業建築，第29卷，第1期，1999年，pp.4-8。

10.謝長儒，碳化反應區對混凝土碳化模式的影響，國立台灣海洋大學河海工程學系碩士論文，2007年。

11.龔洛書，蘇曼青，王洪琳，混凝土多系數碳化方程及其應用，混凝土及加筋混凝土，第6期，1985年，pp.10-16。

12.Boddy, A., Bentz, E., Thomas, M.D.A., and Hooton, R.D., “An Overview and Sensitivity Study of a Multimechanistic Chloride Transport Model”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.29, 1999, pp.827-837.

13.Liang, M.T., Wang, K.L., and Liang, C.H., “Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.29, 1999, pp.1411-1418.

14.Liang, M.T., Qu, W.J., and Liao, Y.S., “A Study on Carbonation in Concrete Structures at Existing Cracks”, Journal of Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol.23, No.2, 2000, pp.143-153.

15.Liang, M. T., Zhao, G. F., Chang, C. W., and Liang. C. H., “Evaluating the Carbonation Damage to Concrete Bridges Using a Grey Forecasting Model Combined with a Statistical Method,” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol.24, No.1, 2001, pp.85-94.

16.Liang, M.T., Qu, W.J., and Liang, C.H., “Mathematical Modeling and Prediction Method of Concrete Carbonation and Its Applications”, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol.10, No.2, 2002. Pp.128-135.

17.Liang , M.T. , Lin , L.H. , and Liang , C.H , “Service Life Prediction of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Exposed to Chloride Environment” , Journal of Infrastructure Systems , ASCE , Vol.8 , No.3 , 2002 , pp.76-85.

18.Liu, Y., and Weyers, R. E., “Modeling the Time-to-Corrosion in Chloride Contaminated Reinforced Concrete Structures,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol.95, No.6, 1998, pp.675-681.

19.Loo, Y. H., Chin, M. S., and Tam, C.T., “A Carbonation Prediction Model for Accelerated Carbonation Testing of Concrete” Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.46, No.198, 1994, pp.191-200.

20.Lu, X., Li, C. and Zhang, H., “Relationship Between the Free and Total Chloride Diffusivity in Concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.32, 2002, pp.323-326.

21.Page, C. L., and Lambert, P., “Kinetics of Oxygen Diffusion in Hardened Cement Pastes”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol.22, 1987, pp.942-946.

22.Poole, J.L., Riding, K.A., Folliard, K.J., Juenger, M.C.G., and Schindler, A.K., “Methods for Calculating Activation Energy for Portland Cement”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol.104, No.1, 2007, pp.86-94.

23.Saetta, A. V., Schrefler, B. A., and Vitaliani, R. V., “The Carbonation of Concrete and the Mechanism of Moisture, Heat and Carbon Dioxide Flow Through Porous Materials”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.23, 1993, pp.761-772.

24.Sun, Y.M., Chang, T.P., and Liang, M.T., “Kirchhoff Transformation Analysis for Determining Time/Depth Dependent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient in Concrete,” Journal of Material Science, Vol.43, 2008, pp.1429-1437.

25.Weyers R. E., “Service Life Model for Concrete Structures in Chloride Laden Environments,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol.95, No.4, 1998, pp.445-453.