隨著近年來台灣地區海龜擱淺通報系統逐步的建立，加上海龜受傷及擱淺案例的增加，使得台灣地區海龜血漿生化的研究更是刻不容緩。本研究目的在於建立台灣地區綠蠵龜及赤蠵龜血漿生化值之參考範圍，並利用所建立之參考值評估收容海龜的健康狀態。研究分成兩部分進行，以誤入定置網的野生正常綠蠵龜(n=27)及赤蠵龜(n=8)作為血液生化參考值的來源，另收集上岸產卵的母綠蠵龜(n=4)，並以獨立樣本T檢定（p<0.05）比較不同體型、公母之間和產卵行為對血檢值的差異。結果顯示在綠蠵龜中，亞成龜與成龜之間血容比和天門冬酸鹽轉氨?有差異存在，成熟綠蠵龜公母之間則無顯著的差異；而產卵季節的禁食及卵生成作用會對血糖、尿素氮、尿酸、三酸甘油脂和鎂等值造成影響；赤蠵龜中亞成龜的肌氨酸酐較低，公母之間的乳酸脫氫?有差異存在。另一部分為收容救護海龜(n=33)的定期健康檢查，結果顯示收容海龜中常見尿素氮、白蛋白及球蛋白比和白蛋白等值的異常。其中數量最多的綠蠵龜(n=24)，在收容環境中具有較高的白蛋白、天門冬酸鹽轉氨?、鎂和尿素氮，其異常值應與營養狀態有關，區別函數分析也得到類相的結果；而臨床上不正常的收容綠蠵龜具有較高的白蛋白與球蛋白比，應與脫水及免疫抑制有關。本論文的結果可提供海龜生物學家、獸醫師或收容單位做為海龜健康狀態評估及血漿生化值判讀上的學理參考。

Ever since the establishment of stranding sea turtle report system in recent years and the number of stranded (including sick and injured) turtles increase, the studies of plasma biochemistry of sea turtles in Taiwan is urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to establish the plasma biochemistry reference baseline profiles for the free-ranging green and loggerhead sea turtles in Taiwan and use for the health assessments of captive and stranded sea turtles on the regular basis.
There are two parts of the studies in the thesis. First, blood samples were obtained from 27 by-catch, clinically healthy and 4 nesting green turtles as well as 8 by-catch, clinically healthy loggerhead turtles for the establishment of the reference range. Study found that the subadult green turtles had lower PCV and higher AST than adults. Glucose, BUN and UA values were lower in the nesting green turtles than the non-nesting adult females. However, the nesting females had higher triglyceride and Mg concentrations. These differences might relate to the nesting activities of the female turtles. In loggerheads, the subadults had a lower creatinine values than adults, and the LDH was different between sexes. Second, blood were collected from 33 captive sea turtles and found that the abnormality of BUN, A/G ratio and albumin were most frequent observed. Among different species, green turtles was the most abundant (n=24). They had significantly higher albumin, AST, Mg and BUN than normal greens. These results might relate to the daily dietary nutritional statuses. Similar results were observed from discriminant analysis. We also compared the plasma biochemistry of clinical sick turtles with clinically health captive green turtles, and found that the sick turtle had a higher A/G ratio. This phenomena might caused by the dehydration and immune-suppression.
The results of this study are the first plasma biochemistry baseline profiles for the free-ranging green and loggerhead turtles in Taiwan. We can then apply these profiles for diagnosis of the health status of captive and live stranded turtles properly. Appropriate rehabilitation recommendations and possible therapies for the unhealthy and injured turtles can also be proposed.
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第一章 前言…………………………………………………………….1
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 台灣地區常見海龜介紹……………………………...3
第二節 海龜適用的健康評估方式…………………………...8
第三節 採血部位…………………………………………….13
第四節 血液抗凝劑………………………………………….13
第五節 爬蟲類的血液生化之特性………………………….14
第三章 材料與方法
第一節 野生海龜族群血液生化參考值的建立…..…………23
第二節 台灣地區飼養海龜的定期健康檢查……………….24
第三節 實驗材料…………………………………………….24
第四節 實驗方法…………………………………………….25
第五節 統計學分析…….……………………………………33
第四章 結果
第一節 野生海龜族群的基本形質資料…………………….35
第二節 野生海龜族群血液生化參考值的建立…………….36
第三節 台灣地區飼養海龜的定期健康檢查結果………….38
第五章 討論
第一節 野生海龜族群的基本資料…………………...……..43
第二節 野生海龜族群的血液生化參考值………………….45
第三節 台灣地區飼養海龜的定期健康檢查……………….49
第六章 結論…………………………………………………………...56
參考文獻……………………………………………………………….74
附錄…………………………………………………………………….85
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