本研究於2008年8月初，使用海研一號（ORI-873）於南海北部海域採樣，分析海水中溶解態與顆粒態重金屬元素（鎘、銅、錳與鈷）之濃度，其中顆粒態重金屬先以1N鹽酸萃取非殘留相濃度，之後以王水消化殘留相濃度。研究海域海水中溶解態重金屬元素濃度範圍如下：鎘，0.024-1.182 nM；銅，0.37-6.906 nM；錳，0.27-33.10 nM與鈷，0.024-0.390 nM。在水平分布上，各元素濃度在近岸較高，隨離岸距離增加而濃度漸漸減少，近岸測站濃度有朝西南向東北遞減的趨勢；離岸測站濃度隨深度而變化。在垂直分布上，鎘元素呈營養鹽型分布，銅元素表層較高，次表層低，其後成營養鹽型分布，錳與鈷元素呈清除型分布。
顆粒態重金屬元素總濃度範圍如下：鎘，0.05-2.69 μg/g；銅，0.29-70.58 μg/g；錳，5.1-689.9 μg/g與鈷，0.08-37.23 μg/g。鎘、銅與鈷元素主要存在於殘留相，錳元素主要存在於非殘留相。各元素在顆粒態與溶解態之兩相分布係數分別為：鎘，3.2-5.7；銅，3.1-6.4；錳，4.5-6.4與鈷，4-7，其中錳與鈷元素對顆粒物質有較高的親合力，在水體中容易形成沉澱而被清除，溶解態濃度呈清除型分布。從鹽度與重金屬濃度的分布，判斷珠江河水影響南海北部海域的離岸距離至少可達約60公里。

The concentrations and distributions of dissolved and particulate trace metals (Cd、Cu、Mn and Co) in the northern South China Sea were investigated by Ocean Research I on August, 2008. The concentrations of particulate trace metals were divided into non-residual and residual fractions. The concentration ranges of dissolved trace metals in the study area were: Cd, 0.024-1.182 nM ; Cu, 0.37-6.906 nM ; Mn, 0.27-33.10 nM and Co, 0.024-0.390 nM, respectively. The results indicated that the concentration of dissolved trace metals decreased seaward and decreased from southwest to northeast at inshore stations. The profile concentration of Cd exhibited a nutrient type distribution. The concentration of Cu was higher in the surface layer and was lower in the subsurface. Then, the concentration increased with increasing depth. The concentrations of Mn and Co showed the scavenged distribution.
The concentration ranges of particulate trace metals in the study area were: Cd, 0.05-2.69 μg/g ; Cu, 0.29-70.58 μg/g ; Mn, 5.1-689.9 μg/g and Co, 0.08-37.23 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of particulate trace metals were mainly existed in residual fractions, except Mn. The partitioning coefficient ranges between particulate and dissolved phase of trace metals were: Cd, 3.2-5.7 ; Cu, 3.1-6.4 ; Mn, 4.5-6.4 ; and Co, 4-7, respectively. Due to a higher affinity with particle, Mn and Co exhibited the scavenged distribution in the study area. From the salinity and trace metals distribution observed in the present study, the Pearl River fresh water can intrude at least 60 km to the northern South China Sea.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 南海海域相關的化學研究 4
1.3 重金屬元素在環境中的分布特性 6
1.4 研究目的 9
第二章 研究區域與分析方法 10
2.1 採樣時間與地點 10
2.2 樣品的採樣與處理 12
2.3 溶解態重金屬分析方法 13
2.3.1 試劑的準備 14
2.3.2 分析步驟 15
2.4 顆粒態重金屬分析方法 18
2.4.1 試劑的準備 18
2.4.2 分析步驟 19
2.5 儀器設備 21
2.6 分析品質評估 21
第三章 結果與討論 23
3.1 溫度、鹽度、酸鹼值特性 23
3.2 鎘、銅、錳、鈷之溶解態與顆粒態重金屬分布及其分布係數 32
3.2.1 鎘(Cd) 33
3.2.2 銅(Cu) 34
3.2.3 錳(Mn) 35
3.2.4 鈷(Co) 36
3.3 珠江對南海的影響 53
第四章 結論 57
參考文獻 58

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