臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣的國際貿易型態是屬海島型經濟，本國對外經濟發展主要必須靠國際貿易來進行。而在貿易全球化、自由化的發展趨勢下，跨國經貿活動頻繁，在國際貿易過程中，「運輸」是為重要的一環，且需經此程序後才能完成國際貿易，而運輸為總稱，其是由運輸業加上服務業組成之業務架構，提供必要和附屬的物流服務,以確保貨物能快速、經濟、安全的進口或出口並到達目的地。除航空公司及海運船公司外，最主要代表的運輸服務業是為海運承攬運送業及航空貨運承攬業。這二種行業所經營的就是標準的「國際物流」程序，隨著全球化、自由化的發展趨勢，跨國經貿活動日益頻繁，各國貿易市場的開放為物流運籌業者帶來更多商機，但也引發與國際同業之間的競爭壓力。因應全球商業環境的變化，各行各業莫不積極思考進行彼此策略聯盟，以強化競爭力或提高獲利或降低損失。本研究主要分析範圍為「海運貨物承攬業」，調查的重點為該業在操作主要業務「零擔貨運運送」，本文研究目的為探討海運承攬運送業要如何進行策略聯盟夥伴及所需考量的條件標準以及其重要性，透過文獻回顧整理出海運策略聯盟的發展現況以及先前學者所提及之選擇夥伴之標準，及市場分析後，期望能作為海運承攬運送業若要進行策略聯盟之參考依據。

Taiwan belongs to island economically style which relies on international trading proceeding to extend foreign business development. Following with global / free trading, across business is happening every minute, "Transportation" a typical label, occupy the most important position to integrate each step to have completed procedure, she build up with transport and service industry to offer suitable and subsidiary logistics, and ensure goods deliver destination with fastest, economy and safety. Along with airlines and shipping lines, ocean freight forwarder and air freight forwarder become major representative in transportation service nowadays, standard international logistics procedure is just right management they provide. Open market creates more business, oppositely, more competitive, in order to confront unexpected global business variation, "Strategic Alliance" is the future direction to everyone, by doing this way to strong competency, increase profits and reduce loss. My report is directed against "ocean freight forwarder" which focus on the operation of "consolidation", purpose to discuss how to proceed strategic alliance, condition consideration and the position, through senior's related papers review to understand current development of strategic alliance, and the criterion of choosing partner, after market analysis, expect my report can be the reference of further strategic alliance expanding of ocean freight forwarder.

致 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii

第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究動機與背景 1
1.2 研究範圍與目的 3
1.3 研究方法與流程 5

第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 零擔貨運操作分析 7
2.1.1 併櫃作業方式 8
2.2 策略聯盟的定義 10
2.3 策略聯盟的動機 12
2.4 策略聯盟的型態 16
2.5 策略聯盟的類型分析 18
2.5.1策略聯盟類型 18
2.5.2 海運市場的策略聯盟現況 21
2.6 策略聯盟選擇伙伴之準則 24

第三章 研究方法 37
3.1 BCG 矩陣的介紹 37
3.2 計算方式 40

第四章 研究結果 42
4.1 市場現況分析 42
4.1.1市場介紹說明 43
4.1.2 區域航線運量分析 50
4.1.3 成本分析 65
4.2 BCG分析結果 72
4.2.1 香港線 72
4.2.2 廈門線 73
4.2.3 華北線 75
4.2.4 上海線 76
4.2.5 小結 77
4.3 綜合討論 78

第五章 結論與建議 79
5.1 研究結論 79
5.2 研究建議 82

參考文獻 83
中文部份 83
英文部份 84

附件一：主提單（Master B/L） 87
附件二：分提單（House B/L） 90
附件三：複合運送提單（以FIATA B/L為例） 93
附件四：海運貨運單（Sea Waybill） 96
附件五：電子提單（Electric B/L） 98

中文部份
1. 曾俊鵬(2005)，海運承攬運送業理論與實務，第二版，台北，博創出版社。
2. 曾俊鵬(2005)，國際貨櫃運輸實務，第二版，台北，華泰文化事業(股)公司。
3. 曾國雄、張志清、鍾政棋(2008)，載貨證?理論與實務，第三版，台北市，航貿文化事業有限公司。
4. 陳春益(2009)，「零擔貨運業載運規劃問題之研究-以大陸地區台灣海運承攬運送業為例」，（Working Paper）。
5. 陳春益、林正章(1995)，「路線貨運業載運問題之研究」，國科會研究報告，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所。
6. 陳春益、呂錦隆(2007)，，「大陸地區台灣海運承攬運送業佈署營運據點之探討」，2007海空運論文研討會論文集，長榮大學。
7. 譚天(2000)，策略聯盟-聯盟企業將使全球商務改頭換面，初版，台北，智庫文化。
8. 方至民(2000)，企業競爭優勢，初版，台北縣，前程企管出版社。
9. 趙郁文(1999)，國際企業管理系統化理論與分析，初版，台北，華泰文化。
10. 蔡政揚、許政郎(1992)，「互惠協定與策略聯盟之探討為例」，產業科技研究發展管理研討路。
11. 林光(2003)，海運學，第五版，台北，華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
12. 林光、張志清(2004)，航業經營管理，第三版台北，航貿出版公司。
英文部份
1. Altinay L.(2006), “Selecting partners in an International Franchise Organisation,” Hospitality Management, Vol. 25, pp. 108-128.
2. Arranz N. and Arroyabe J. C. F. (2008), “The chice of partners in R&D cooperation: An empirical analysis of Spanish firms,” Technovation, Vol. 28, pp. 88-110.
3. Barney, J. B. (1997), “Cooperative strategies: Strategic Alliances,” Gaining and sustaining Competitive Advantage, pp. 284-313.
4. Bierly P. E. and Gallapher S. (2007), “Explaining Alliance Parter Selection: Fit, Trust and Strategic Expediency,” Long Range Planning, Vol. 40, pp. 134-153.
5. Canal E. G. and Lorda P. S.(2007), “One More Only If It Is One of Us. The Number of Partners and the Stock Market Reaction to Domestic and International Alliance Formation in EU Telecom Firms,” International Business Review, Vol. 16, pp. 83-108.
6. Dacin, M. T., Hitt, A. M. and Levitas, E. (1997), “Selecting Partners for Successful International Alliances: Examination of U.S. and Korean Firms,” Journal of World Business, Vol. 32, No. l, pp.1-16.
7. Ellram, L. (1991), “A Managerial Guideline for the Development and Implementation of Purchasing Partnerships,” International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, Summer, pp. 2-8.
8. Geringer, J. M. (1988), “Selection of Partner for International Joint Venture,” Business Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp.31-36.
9. Harvey, G. M., Lusch F. R. (1994), “Systematic Assessment of Potential International Strategic Alliance Partners,” International Business Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 195-212.
10. Hedley, B. (1977), “Strategy and the Business Portfolio,” Long Range Planning, Vol. 10, pp. 9-15.
11. Lewis, J. D. (1990), “Making Strategic Alliance Work,” Research Technology Management, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 12-15.
12. Lin W. B. (2007), “Factors affecting the correlation between interactive mechanism of strategic alliance and technological knowledge transfer performance,” Journal of Hight Technology Management Research, Vol. 17, pp. 139-155.
13. Lu J. W. and Beamish P. W. (2006), “Partnering strategies and performance of SME’s international joint ventures,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21, pp. 461-486.
14. Midoro R. and Pitto A. (2000), “A Critical evaluation of strategic alliances in liner shipping,” Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 31-40.
15. Pierre C. (2000). Strategic Alliance in Liner Shipping: An Analysis of “Operational Synergies”.
16. Porter, M. E. and Fuller (1985), Competition on Global Industries. MA: Harvard Business Press.
17. Ring, P. S. (2000), “The Three T’s of Alliance Creation: Task, Team and Time,” European Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 152-163.
18. Song, D. W. and Panayides, P. M.(2002), “A conceptual application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliance,” Maritime Policy & Management, 29(3), 285-301.
19. Walters, B. A., Peters, S. and Dess, G. G.(1994), “Strategic Alliance and Joint Ventures: Making Them Work,” Business Horizons, July-August, pp. 5-10.

20. Warner, M., Yin, E. and Choi, C. (2003) "Global strategic alliance membership: market versus institutional criteria." Judge Institute of Management Working Papers, No.02/2003. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
21. Wong P. C., Yan H. and Bamford C. (2008), “Evaluation of factors for carrier selection in the China Pearl River delta,” Maritime Policy & Management, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 27-52.
22. Yoshino, M. Y. and Rangan U. S. (1995), Strategic Alliance: An Entrepreneurial Approach to Globalization. Harvard Business School Press.