在車輛系統中，輪胎為主要噪音源。輪胎和汽車產業對於降低造輪胎噪音非常重視。花紋噪音的產生主因是由於輪胎在路面上高速的滾動。首先，以矩形脈衝序列的模型，建立花紋噪音的聲壓波形之摸擬程式，並對於數種序列類型的胎面花紋來研究與討論。

輪胎花紋節距的最佳化設計是使用差分進化法。花紋節距是利用基因編碼的方式隨機產生族群，是以隨機選擇、突變、交叉和重組的一種演化過程。接著對於差分進化法的參數來進行分析，如族群個體數，突變策略，F、CR等參數，來對花紋節距進行最佳化。

最後，本文對於輪胎花紋問題提出兩層式差分進化法來進行最佳化。外層是對花紋節距的長度與個數來進行最佳化，內層是對花紋節距來進行排序最佳化。對於國內知名品牌輪胎的聲壓振幅進行最佳化，可以降低40%以上的減噪值。結果顯示，差分進化法具有好的搜尋能力和較低的噪音效果且提供一種先進實用科學的概念對於改善花紋設計和減少輪胎噪音。
關鍵字：差分進化法、輪胎花紋、節距

The tire is a dominant noise source in a vehicle system and the study on tire noise reduction is very noticed by tire and automobile industry. The tread pattern noise is the major component of the noise generated by a tire as it rolls across the road surface with high speed. At first, based on the rectangular pulse model in sequence, a soft program for simulation of the sound pressure wave form of tread pattern noise is established. Then several sequencing types of the tread pattern are studied and discussed.

The procedure for optimizing the tread pattern pitch arrangement in tire design with the differential evolution is described. The pitches are coded as genes to form randomly a population, which are selected randomly, mutated, crossed, and recombined in the evolution process. The analyses of parameters in the differential evolution such as population size, mutation strategies, F, and CR, for the optimization of tread pattern pitch sequence are conducted.

Finally, in this study, for the optimization problems of the tread pattern pitch arrangement the two-level differential evolution is proposed, outer level for optimizing each pattern pitch length and its quantities, inner level for optimizing the tread pattern pitch sequence. With a tread pattern of national well-known brand the amplitude of sound pressure is optimized and gotten an over 40% reduction of noise. The results show that the algorithm has a good performance and lower noise effect and provides an advanced, practical and scientific concept for improving tread pattern design and reducing tire noise level.

中文摘要.............................................I
英文摘要.............................II
目錄......................................III
圖目錄...........................................V
表目錄.................................................X

第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機與背景……………………………………………………1
1.2 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究目的…………………………………………………………4
1.4 本文架構…………………………………………………………5
第二章 輪胎花紋噪音特性分析………………………………………6
2.1 輪胎花紋概數………………………………………………………6
2.2 輪胎花紋噪音之原理………………………………………………9
2.3 單一顆粒花紋噪音模擬…………………………………………11
2.4 Harmonic number 與Amplitude計算……………………………12
2.4.1 相位疊加法(Phasor Summation)…………………………12
2.4.2 傅立葉分析法(Fourier Analysis)…………………………14
2.4.3 比較討論……………………………………………………18
2.5 輪胎花紋噪音特性測試…………………………………………18
第三章 差分進化演算法………………………………………………40
3.1 差分進化法(Differential Evolution Algorithms，DE)…41
3.2 DE於輪胎花紋塊排列最佳化問題之應用………………………47
3.2.1 數學模型……………………………………………………47
3.2.2 DE於輪胎花紋塊之編碼……………………………………49
3.3 花紋排列分析……………………………………………………50
3.3.1 最佳化運算的限制…………………………………………51
3.4 DE於輪胎花紋塊排列問題之實例測試………………52
第四章 兩層式DE應用於輪胎花紋佈置與輪胎產品微調測試……77
4.1 輪胎規格簡介……………………………………………………77
4.2 兩層式DE於輪胎花紋佈置之應用………………………………79
4.3 輪胎之產品微調設計……………………………………………86
第五章 結論與展望……………………………………………………95
參考文獻………………………………………………………………97

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