臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

變壓器繞組變形量測試是近幾年來逐漸被重視的項目，針對變壓器承受異常應力造成的繞組相對位移(變形)，提供一有價值的追蹤記錄，可彌補現階段比較偏絕緣的維護測試。其中以掃頻響應分析法(Sweep Frequency Response Analysis 以下簡稱SFRA)所建構的繞組變形量測技術之重覆率高，適合進行變壓器繞組變形量追綜量測。
本文目的即建立在上述動機的論述上，期望逐步借由此一新測試技術的介紹、原理闡述、如何應用在變壓器上量測以減少測試誤差、及建立一合理的解釋基礎做為分析的依據。此外，藉由此測試技術可新增一項變壓器的指紋(fingerprints)資料，方便各相關單位於預防性維護試驗的應用執行，更有利於管理掌控變壓器資產。
關鍵字：變壓器繞組、變形。

This thesis presents a novel method for transformer winding deformation measurement by Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA). It is well known that most of mechanical failure in power transformers is caused by winding displacement and deformation. Recent rapid advancement in electronic technology has made SFRA-based transformer winding deformation measurement more feasible as it can provide a valuable tracking data with high repeatability useful for depicting a displacement or deformation of transformer winding overstressed by system’s fault or transportation.
Due to its high detection sensibility, SFRA measurement has been widely used as a tool to complement the inadequacy of traditional methods in the field maintenance of transformer. SFRA is based on the concept that windings displacement and deformation can be conveniently accessed by observing variations in parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit of the transformer. This thesis attempts to describe details of SFRA-based measurement, including measurement principle, its application aspects to transformer involving affecting factor assessment, error minimization, as well as how to form a basis of rationale interpretation. The major contribution of this work, therefore, is to provide an effective tool able to characterize each transformer with a unique fingerprint, which in turn can be used as basis for future transformer management.
Keywords�o transformer winding, deformation,

目 錄
中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………ii
目錄 ………………………………………………………………………iii
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………… viii
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………xii
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機與目地 ………………………………………………1
1.2 文獻探討 …………………………………………………4
1.2.1 相關測試方法 ……………………………………………4
1. 激磁電流法 ……………………………………………4
2. 阻抗(洩漏電抗)法 ………………………………………5
3. 繞組電容法 ……………………………………………7
4. 低電壓衝擊法 …………………………………………7
5. 掃頻響應分析法 ………………………………………8
1.3 論文架構 …………………………………………………… 11
第二章 掃頻響應分析法原理及應用 ………………………………… 12
2.1 掃頻響應分析 ……………………………………………… 12
2.2 變壓器RLC模型 …………………………………………… 13
2.3 雙埠網路與轉換函數 …………………………………………15
2.4 於變壓器測試應用 ……………………………………………17
2.4.1 測試迴路及接線 …………………………………………17
2.4.2 測試類型 …………………………………………………19
1. 端子對端子 ………………………………………………19
2. 端子對端子(短路) ………………………………………20
3. 繞組間電容 ………………………………………………21
4. 繞組間電感 ………………………………………………22
2.4.3 測試推動及時機 …………………………………………23
第三章 SFRA法的分析及解釋 …………………………………………24
3.1 影響測試可能原因 ……………………………………………24
3.1.1 測試儀器 …………………………………………………24
3.1.2 測試線 ……………………………………………………25
1. 測試線配置設計 ………………………………………25
2. 測試線遮蔽地線 ………………………………………26
3. 測試線輸入輸出阻抗 …………………………………27
3.1.3 測試方法與接線 …………………………………………27
3.1.4 被試變壓器 ………………………………………………28
1. 切換器位置 ……………………………………………28
2. 變壓器油 ………………………………………………28
3. 變壓器套管 ……………………………………………29
4. 磁化作用 ………………………………………………29
3.2 圖形的電氣意義 ………………………………………………30
3.2.1 理想被動元件的頻率響應 ………………………………30
1. 電阻 ……………………………………………………31
2. 電感 ……………………………………………………32
3. 電容 ……………………………………………………33
4. RLC 串聯組合 …………………………………………34
5. RLC 並聯組合 …………………………………………35
3.2.2 簡易線圈模擬的頻率響應 ………………………………37
1. 諧振點位移 ……………………………………………37
2. 兩線圈同軸耦合 ………………………………………40
3. 結成自耦接法 …………………………………………44
4. 模擬移位 ………………………………………………46
5. 線圈匝間短路 …………………………………………47
3.3 分析解釋的基礎 ………………………………………………48
3.3.1 正確測試資料的取得 ……………………………………48
3.3.2 選擇有用的圖形分析工具 ………………………………49
3.3.3 合理解說的頻率範圍 ……………………………………50
3.4 分析解釋的方法 ………………………………………………51
3.4.1 參考數據 …………………………………………………53
1. 指紋圖 ……………………………………………………53
2. 姊妹產品 …………………………………………………53
3. 同型鐵心腳或相分開 …………………………………55
第四章 量測分析 …………………………………………………………57
4.1 量測規劃 ………………………………………………………57
4.1.1 量測儀器 …………………………………………………59
4.1.2 被測變壓器 ………………………………………………60
4.1.3 量測方案 …………………………………………………61
4.2 單一變壓器實測 ………………………………………………62
4.2.1 單一變壓器實測圖形 ……………………………………62
4.2.2 相關係數 …………………………………………………63
4.2.3 實測結果分析 ……………………………………………65
4.3 同型式/不同廠家變壓器實測 …………………………………65
4.3.1 同型式/不同廠家變壓器實測圖形 ………………………65
4.3.2 相關係數 …………………………………………………69
4.3.3 實測結果分析 ……………………………………………70
4.4 同型式/同廠家變壓器實測 …………………………………71
4.4.1 同型式/同廠家變壓器實測圖形 ………………………71
4.4.2 相關係數 …………………………………………………75
4.4.3 實測結果分析 …………………………………………76
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………………77
4.1 總結 ……………………………………………………………77
4.2 後續研究方向 …………………………………………………78
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………79

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