臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

漁業共同管理係結合政府、資源利用者與社區的管理模式，此種制度強調以社區漁民自主管理為基礎，建立生產者組織，透過由下而上的決策機制建立的管理機制，將使漁民對漁撈作業規制有較高的遵從意願，可作為解決漁業資源過度利用問題的可行方案，從而達成資源管理的目標。
本研究以東港櫻花蝦漁業為例，分析其共同管理體制及影響共同管理成效的因素，並探討櫻花蝦資源管理的科學依據與管理體制的調整對策，其結果摘要如下：
東港櫻花蝦漁業自1993年成立產銷班，之後訂定作業漁船公約明定作業規範與決策機制，另訂產銷班基金運用管理辦法規範班員可享福利，建立社區型漁業管理制度，2000年起地方漁政機關公告櫻花蝦漁業管理有關事項，始完成內外部控管機制兼備之共同管理架構。其特色為設立自給自足的基金、實施以市場為導向的齊頭式配額，即訂定每船每日最高漁獲上限、執行監督機制的特殊設計。
以公平性、資源適正利用、作業規範遵循、執法監督、社會經濟因素等五大構面，分析64個影響共同管理成效的因素，萃取出可維持產銷秩序、決策自主透明、資源永續利用、櫻花蝦漁業永續經營、遵守漁獲交易及饋贈規定、遵守禁漁與混獲規定、執法公正有效、重罰可防止違規、利害相關者的協助、產銷班規模適中、經濟誘因等11個因素，為影響東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理成效的重要因素。而遵守禁漁及混獲規定因素在班員是否擔任過幹部之屬性中有顯著差異，重罰可防止違規因素於漁船噸位層級上亦有顯著差異。
運用Schaefer模式對東港櫻花蝦進行資源評估，其MSY為1,011公噸，建議以此做為總許可漁獲量，其相對總許可作業船數訂為120艘，做為縣政府公告的依據。最後就本研究之發現，針對櫻花蝦漁業共同管理制度提出具體建議，期使本漁業的管理更臻完善。

The fisheries co-management which combined the government, resource user, and community management model empathized on community-based self management to establish the producer organization. From the bottom-up policy decision mechanism, it could allow fishermen to show more wish on complying with fishing operation convention for solving the problem of overexploitation on fisheries resources and thereby achieves the goal of resource management.
This study used the Tongkang sergestid shrimp fishery as example to analyze its co-management system and the factors influencing its effects. Finally the science-based management on sergestid shrimp resource and its modification were discussed. The summary results were as followings.
The self-management organization has been established since 1993 by Tongkang sergestid shrimp fishermen themselves then it set up the fishing operation convention and policy decision mechanism. It set up the fund application measure to manage the welfare for members and established the community-based fisheries management system. Since 2000 the local fisheries authority has declared the relevant measures of sergestid shrimp fishery management as the framework for co-management. Its features were self-funded system establishment, carrying out the market-oriented formal equality quota which limited the daily maximum catch for each boat, and implementing the special design of monitoring mechanism.
This study tried using five dimensions including equity, optimal utilization, convention obedience, monitoring the law enforcement, and social economy to design 64 factor items which influenced the outcomes of co-management for factor analysis. The results indicated that maintenance of production-sale order, autonomy of policy decision openness, resource sustainable utilization, sustainable operation of sergestid shrimp fishery, obedience of market trade rules, obedience of fishing closure and bycatch rules, justice and effective of law enforcement, stakeholder assistance, heavy penalization to prevent against the convention, proper scale of self-management organization, and economical incentive factors could influence the outcomes of co-management. The extracted factors categorized into the attributes including cadre member or not, jointed seniority of self-organization, annual average income and size scale of vessel were carried out the analysis of variance and indicated that the “obedience of fishing closure and bycatch rules” factor had significant difference in “cadre member” attribute. Also “heavy penalization to prevent against the convention” item had significant difference in the “size scale of vessel” attribute.
The estimated MSY of sergestid shrimp is 1011 MT based on Schaefer model and the total allowance vessel is 120 in number for local government to announce. This study also provided some feasible suggestions for sergested shrimp fishery co-management system in order to improve the management on this fishery properly.

目錄

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究方法 5
第四節 研究架構 6
第五節 研究範圍與限制 9
第貳章 漁業共同管理的理論基礎與實踐經驗 10
第一節 共同管理的意義與類型 10
第二節 共同管理的理論基礎及核心要素 17
第三節 漁業共同管理的成功要件 23
第四節 主要漁業國與地區實施共同管理的經驗 30
第五節 日本駿河灣之櫻花蝦漁業管理 41
第六節 小結 44
第參章 東港櫻花蝦漁業之現況及其混獲分析 46
第一節 資料來源與分析方法 46
第二節 東港櫻花蝦漁業現況 48
第三節 東港櫻花蝦漁業之混獲分析 58
第肆章 東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理體制之現況分析 70
第一節 東港櫻花蝦漁業與共同管理 70
第二節 東港櫻花蝦漁業管理的發展歷程 71
第三節 東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理體制之建構 75
第四節 櫻花蝦漁業共同管理制度的特色 91
第五節 小結 96
第伍章 影響東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理成效的因素分析 99
第一節 資料來源與分析方法 99
第二節 基本資料分析 104
第三節 各構面之同意度分析 113
第四節 因素分析 121
第五節 小結 133
第陸章 東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理體制之調整對策 136
第一節 東港櫻花蝦總許可漁獲量之評估 136
第二節 總許可漁獲量之控制機制 148
第三節 共同管理制度的調整對策 153
第四節 小結 162
第柒章 綜合討論 164
第一節 東港櫻花蝦漁業的現況及其混獲分析 164
第二節 東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理體制之現況 171
第三節 影響東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理成效的因素 177
第四節 東港櫻花蝦漁業共同管理體制的缺失與改進 186
第五節 小 結 190
第捌章 結論與建議 194
第一節 結 論 194
第二節 建 議 196
第三節 未來研究方向 200
參考文獻 201
附錄
附錄一 東港區漁會九十七年度櫻花蝦產銷班作業漁船公約 217
附錄二 東港區漁會九十七年度櫻花蝦產銷班基金運用管理辦法 225
附錄三 屏東縣公告屏東縣櫻花蝦漁業管理有關事項 228
附錄四 櫻花蝦漁業管理現況調查表 231
附錄五 東港櫻花蝦作業漁船之魚種別漁獲量與漁場位置資料表 236
附錄六 利用Schaefer Surplus production model解析櫻花蝦MSY之相關數據 238

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