臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生質柴油為具有潛力之替代燃料，有較佳之特性，如較高的閃火點、較佳之潤滑性及較高含氧成份…等，而被視為潔淨能源。冷濾點為生質柴油低溫流動特性的指標，生質柴油擁有比石化燃料較長的脂肪酸碳鏈，其冷濾點溫度相對比石化柴油高。本論文擬探討加熱裂解脫氫反應，與熱裂解製程技術在添加觸媒MCM-41(SiO2)與Fe3O4(SiO2)，對於棕櫚生質柴油低溫流動特性的影響。熱裂解溫度範圍400℃~600℃之間，原料油的進料流速為0.84 g/min，以氮氣作為載流氣體。實驗結果顯示熱裂解溫度為400℃時可得到最大液體收集率99.3%，添加觸媒Fe3O4(SiO2) 在600℃熱裂解時，降低冷濾點最大達12℃。無添加觸媒時的裂解油產物有最高的水分及酸價，添加觸媒MCM-41(SiO2)與Fe3O4(SiO2) 時具有較高碘價及較低黏度、比重及冷濾點，同時減少水分形成與減緩酸價上升，尤其當裂解溫度達600℃且使用觸媒Fe3O4(SiO2)時所得之油品冷濾點溫度為2℃，擁有三種裂解油品中最低的比重、冷濾點、黏度及閃火點和最高的碘價。

Biodiesel which bears with superior fuel characteristics including higher flash point, better lubricity, and higher oxygen content have been considered as a promising alternative clean fuel. Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is the most significant indicator for low-temperature fluidity of biodiesel. The CFPP of biodiesel is generally higher than pertodiesel primarily due to longer carbon-chain structures of fatty acids in the former fuel. The technique of catalyzed cracking and dehydrogenation reaction is used in this experimental study in order to lower the CFPP of biodiesel. The results of fuel properties of the palm-oil biodiesel catalyzed by MCM-41 (SiO2) and Fe3O4 (SiO2) are compared with those of thermally cracking without any catalyst. The temperature of the catalyzed cracking is set in the range between 400 ~ 600 . The feeding rate of the palm-oil biodiesel which is forwarded by nitrogen gas is controlled at 0.84 g/min. The experimental results show that the maximum recovered ratio of 99.3 vol. % was obtained at the catalyzed temperature 400 . The CFPP was decreased to its maximum of 12 when the biodiesel was cracked by the catalyst Fe3O4 (SiO2) at 600 . The maximum water content and acid value were produced when no catalyst was used to crack the biodiesel. The use of either MCM-41 (SiO2) or Fe3O4 (SiO2) catalyst to crack the biodiesel produced higher iodine value, lower kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, and CFPP than those of the biodiesel cracked without catalyst. Moreover, the increases of both water formation and acid value were lessened. In particular, the use of Fe3O4 (SiO2) catalyst at 600 to crack the palm-oil biodiesel produced the lowest CFPP at 2 , specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, flash point while the highest iodine value among all of the cracked biodiesels in this study

誌謝...............................................I
摘要..............................................II
ABSTRACT.........................................III
目錄..............................................IV
表目錄...........................................VII
圖目錄..........................................VIII
第一章 前言…………………………………………..……………..1
1-1 研究背景………………………………………………………..1
1-2 研究動機………………………………………………………..2
1-3 研究目的………………………………………………………..4
第二章 文獻回顧.....................................5
2-1 動植物油脂特性..................................5
2-1-1 動植物油脂的脂肪酸分類.........................5
2-1-2 脂肪酸與油品特性關係式.........................7
2-2 不同生質柴油的混合...............................8
2-2-1 兩種以上生質柴油互混...........................8
2-2-2 傳統柴油與生質柴油互混降低冷濾點................10
2-3 添加添加劑改善低溫流動特性.......................10
2-4 生質柴油之蠟晶體形成與成長.......................11
2-5 生質柴油特性...................................11
2-5-1 生質柴油之濁點與流動點和冷濾點..................11
2-5-2 生質柴油之低溫過濾性（LTFT）...................13
2-6 熱裂解技術.....................................14
2-6-1 使用熱裂解生產生質燃料.........................15
2-6-2 熱裂解技術之操作條件...........................18
2-7 脂肪酸脫氫的觸媒材料.............................19
2-7-1 脫氫反應.....................................19
2-7-2 觸媒催化反應過程..............................20
2-7-3 脫氫觸媒材料MCM-41………………….....……………..20
2-7-4 脫氫觸媒材料MCF...............................21
2-7-5 孔洞觸媒合成方法之單槽合成和酒精浸漬法............21
第三章 實驗設備與方法……………………….………………………23
3-1 實驗材料........................................23
3-2 實驗設備........................................24
3-2-1 實驗儀器與設備.................................24
3-2-2 油品性質分析之實驗設備..........................26
3-3 觸媒裂解反應器設計................................27
3-4 實驗方法........................................28
3-4-1裂解油品製備....................................28
3-4-2 MCM觸媒合成製備................................29
3-5 油品性質測試.....................................29
第四章 結果與討論....................................36
4-1 棕櫚生質柴油經觸媒裂解後的油品性質..................36
第五章 結論與建議.....................................51
5-1 結論............................................51
5-2 建議............................................51
參考文獻.............................................53
表..................................................60
圖..................................................65
附錄 一..............................................77

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