臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　質點影像測速儀一般由光源、具雙重曝光功能之數位相機、電腦所組成。其光源為滿足高亮度、高時間響應之需求，而多以雙脈衝雷射為之。然而，雙脈衝雷射卻有設備昂貴、體積龐大、保養不易、易造成使用人員傷害等缺失。
　本研究著眼於發光二極體之高效率、高頻率響應以及冷光等特性，利用高亮度發光二極體配合控制、散熱元件，取代脈衝雷射。更藉由環狀聚光鏡取得清晰的質點影像，完成高空間及時間解析度、免濾鏡、廉價、輕薄短小、操作簡便、且安全的新型微質點影像測速儀。本研究以具圓柱檔塊之微流道及流體動力聚焦微流場，測試此微質點影像測速儀之可行性。實驗結果顯示，在無濾鏡的情況下，此系統可取得高對比、高解析度的質點影像，並獲得精確的微流場觀測數據。
　此外，本研究亦藉由東京大學大島研究室所開發之高速多色共軛焦PIV 觀測平台，觀測以流體動力聚焦法產生液滴時連續相與分散相之流場變化，確認壓擠與滴出模式在流場上多相流之壓力、剪力交互作用之差異。亦將其結果與T 形流道比較，討論不同方式的微乳化晶片在產生微液滴上之異同。

In this study, a high-resolution micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) is demonstrated. This μPIV system has special features to lower its cost and to enhance the resolution. A high power light emitting diode (LED) is used as the light source. A cardioid annular condenser is included in the microscope to achieve submicron resolution. The overall system is not only much cheaper but also safer than a μPIV system with double pulse laser. Even without filter, the annular condenser can produce high quality particle images with high signal to noise ratio. Flow field of a microchannel with a cylinder was used to test the μPIV system. The experimental results showed agreement with those from computer simulation software (CFD-ACE+). Flow fields of a microchannel with hydrodynamic focusing were also observed. In summary, experimental results demonstrate that this μPIV system has the potential to be widely used as a low-cost and high-resolution microfluidic flow visualization tool.
We also use a multicolor confocal μPIV system to investigate mechanism of microdroplet formations in a hydrodynimic focusing device. From experimental observations, the formation mechanism of droplets changes from squeezing mode to dripping mode as the capillary number increases. This finding is consistent with a similar conclusion of droplet formation for T-junction micrchannel in a previous study.

中文摘要....................................................................... i
Abstract........................................................................ ii
目錄.............................................................................. v
圖目錄....................................................................... viii
表目錄......................................................................... xi
第一章 緒論.............................................................. 1
1.1 微流體晶片..........................................................................1
1.2 微流場檢測技術..................................................................2
1.3 研究動機與目的..................................................................5
1.4 文獻回顧..............................................................................7
1.4.1 μPIV 技術之演進............................................................7
1.4.2 應用LED 照明之μPIV 技術.......................................................10
1.4.3 μPIV 之運用與發展...................................................... 11
第二章 具環型聚光鏡微質點影像測速儀之設計原理.................. 16
2.1 微流場可視化技術............................................................16
2.1.1 μPIV 技術......................................................................16
2.1.2 質點影像.......................................................................17
2.1.3 計算速度向量...............................................................22
vi
2.2 環狀聚光鏡系統簡介........................................................26
2.3 具環型聚光鏡微質點影像測速儀之設計........................................30
2.3.1 光源部件之替換...........................................................30
2.3.2 心型環狀聚光鏡...........................................................33
2.4 硬體架構............................................................................34
第三章 微質點影像測速儀之實驗結果................................... 35
3.1 測試微流道之流場可視化................................................35
3.1.1 煙線可視化...................................................................35
3.1.2 微流場數值模擬...........................................................37
3.1.3 微流場可視化...............................................................39
3.1.4 實驗值與理論結果之比較...........................................42
3.2 微流場實例觀測.................................................................44
第四章 多色共軛焦微質點影像測速儀之多相流觀測.................... 48
4.1 實驗設計與方法................................................................48
4.1.1 晶片設計與實驗材料...................................................48
4.1.2 實驗設置.......................................................................49
4.1.3 共軛焦 μPIV ................................................................50
4.1.4 實驗方法.......................................................................52
4.2 實驗結果與討論................................................................53
4.2.1 壓擠模式.......................................................................53
4.2.2 滴出模式.......................................................................56
4.2.3 綜合比較.......................................................................58
vii
4.3 多色共軛焦 μPIV 觀測結果.............................................60
第五章 結論與未來展望........................................... 61
5.1 具環型聚光鏡微質點影像測速儀....................................................61
5.2 多色共軛焦微質點影像測速儀之多相流觀測................................62
5.3 新式微質點影像測速儀之應用與未來展望....................................62
參考文獻.................................................................... 64

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