女人的歷史，長期以來以男性的角度被書寫著，透過片段的藝術史的匯集，我們看見了部份文化中的女性，也透過藝術上的視覺表現看見種種對女性形象的建構，阿豐斯‧慕夏(Alphonse Mucha)所處的「新藝術」(Art Nouveau) 時期就是一個大量以女性描繪的藝術時期。在慕夏的作品中充滿對女性的描繪，女性在他筆下化身為自然萬物、宇宙星體同時又是廣告中的充滿生命力的女性，他所建立的清逸女性形象成為十九世紀末巴黎的一股風潮，更成就當時的一種海報典型，同時也顛覆了世紀末對致命女性(Femme Fatale)的形象描繪。
本文透過慕夏所描繪的女性作品，探討慕夏所建構的女性形象的樣式與成因，是受到新藝術時期的藝術風格影響?或是當代對女性形象建構的影響?亦或是其他內在因素?慕夏又是如何建構這些女性?其所傳達的內涵如何?
對於慕夏作品中的女性形象討論，本文在第一章以慕夏的生平以及慕夏與新藝術時期的交集做一概略的背景介紹，以回歸十九世紀末文化脈絡的觀看模式進行討論，並對影響慕夏風格的內外在因素做一陳述；第二章則將慕夏作品中的女性角色做一分類，針對不同女性角色的形象進行討論，以探究其中與當代藝術家所描繪的女性形象相異之處；最後一章則進一步探討在慕夏作品中特殊的象徵意涵和空間形式，並從中探究慕夏所建構的女性圖像下的深意。
慕夏為新藝術時期拉開了嶄新的一頁，在傳遞美好的視覺圖像背後同時也成就了慕夏個人理想層次的追尋，透過他意圖仿古的優美形象與時尚流行的絢麗海報樣式，同時也表現了一種世紀末的不安與矛盾。透過本文旨在發現慕夏個人對女性再現下的詮釋，並試圖以另一觀看模式看待慕夏作品中女性的一新面貌。

Women has been viewed and written from the masculine perspectives in the past, but through art history, we can get a glance of how a particular culture views women in its society. In visual representation, we are able to see a large variety of images of women. Alphonse Mucha was an artist in Art Nouveau era, during this time period there were many kinds of representation regarding women. Mucha’s works are mostly comprised of images of women. In his works, the female figure becomes part of the surrounding immersing into the pictorial nature and universe. There are also images of women in his posters which are lively and full of energy. His elegant images of women become the trend in time of unrest in late 19th century Paris. He not only established a model for poster designs, but also reinvented the Femme Fatale images in the end of 19 century.
This thesis deals mainly with the images of women in Alphonse Mucha’s work and discusses their styles and origins. Are these images influenced by Art Nouveau style? Or are they influenced by images of women in the society? Or are they influenced by some inner passions of the artist? How does Mucha present these images of women? And what else dose he want to express?
The first chapter in this thesis gives a brief overview on Art Nouveau era and how it influenced Mucha’s work. It also introduces the background of Alphonse Mucha and analyzes it from the late 19th century cultural perspectives. In this chapter I also discuss Mucha’s style and internal and external factors that influence his works. The second chapter comprises a classification of Alphonse Mucha’s female figures. It discusses the different images of women and compares them with other artists’ works from the same time period. The last chapter further discusses Mucha’s use of space in his works and explores the symbolic meanings of the images of women.
Alphonse Mucha opens a brand-new frontier in the Art Nouveau period. Through these lovely visual images, he conveys his inner ideals and aspirations. By combining elegant and conservative images of women from the past with the latest trend and fashion of the Art Nouveau era, Mucha conveys the restlessness of his time. This study aims to interpret the representations of women in Alphonse Mucha’s works from another point of views.

緒 論……………………………………………………………………1
研究源起………………………………………………………7
文獻探討………………………………………………………9
研究範圍、限制與方法………………………………………11
第一章 阿豐斯‧慕夏(Alphonse Mucha)---新藝術時期畫家
第一節 慕夏的生平 ………………………………………………15
第二節 影響慕夏圖像風格的因素 ………………………………54
第三節 新藝術與慕夏樣式 ………………………………………68
新藝術的源起和背景 ……………………………………… 69
影響新藝術的藝術流派 …………………………………… 71
慕夏與新藝術的交集 ……………………………………… 83
第二章 慕夏建構的女性
第一節 十九世紀末的女性形象…………………………………89
第二節 精神性的女性樣貌………………………………………96
第三節 戲劇文學主題中的女性…………………………………116
第四節 商品中的女性樣貌 ……………………………………124
小 結 …………………………………………………………… 136
第三章 慕夏作品中的觀看模式與象徵意涵
第一節 圖像中的象徵意涵………………………………………139
神秘尊貴的陰性力量---圓形的象徵 ……………………… 140
儀式性的陰性崇拜---花朵的象徵 ………………………… 143
精神性的理想世界---六芒星體的象徵 ………………………147
第二節 再現的女性身體………………………………………… 150
曲線化的女性身體………………………………………… 151
裸露的女性身體……………………………………………155
延伸的女性身體……………………………………………158
女性與空間構圖的關係 ……………………………………161
小 結 …………………………………………………………… 168
結 論………………………………………………………………… 169

參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………… 174

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