臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　鋼結構雖然具有質量輕、強度高及韌性佳等優點，在土木工程上可廣泛的應用於高層建築或大跨度橋梁等建築，但相較於其他傳統建材如鋼筋混凝土，鋼結構卻也更容易於高溫下喪失其強度，產生大量變形並降低其極限承載力，因此實有必要對於鋼結構在火害作用下之力學行為作更深入的了解。
　　本文希望藉由有限元素法探討平面構架在溫度效應下之非線性行為，首先以更新式拉格蘭治推演法(Updated Lagrangian Formulation)推導二維梁元素在溫度效應下之增量平衡方程式，並利用零長度塑性鉸法模擬結構之彈塑性行為，另外為了考慮高溫時材料的軟化現象，採用由Eurocode 3規範所訂定的材料折減係數。經由與文獻中鋼結構火害分析資料的驗證，顯示本文所建立的數值方法的確可有效模擬結構在溫度作用下之變形行為及臨界溫度(critical temperature)。最後，透過一系列的參數分析，可了解結構束制條件的改變，或者溫度沿斷面分佈情形的不同，都會影響結構的極限強度以及最後的崩塌機構(collapse mechanism)；此外，關於加載路徑以及幾何瑕疵(geometrical imperfection)等問題，也將以範例作一相關的討論。

目 錄

誌謝 I
摘要 II
目錄 III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VII

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3本文章節架構 5

第二章 溫度效應對材料及斷面性質的影響 8
2.1導論 8
2.2溫度效應下鋼材性質之變化 8
2.2.1熱膨脹係數 8
2.2.2彈性模數及降伏應力之折減 9
2.3基本假設 11
2.4溫度效應引致材料及斷面性質的變化 12
2.4.1材料性質之變化 12
2.4.2斷面性質之變化 13
2.5溫度效應引致之等效溫度力 14
2.6塑性斷面力 16
2.7結論 17

第三章 含溫度效應之幾何非線性分析方法 25
3.1導論 25
3.2參考狀態及符號說明 26
3.3非線性增量方程式推導 26
3.3.1應力與應變關係 27
3.3.2 狀態之應力與斷面合力 27
3.3.3由 狀態到 狀態之應力與應變增量 28
3.3.4控制方程式與邊界條件 30
3.3.5增量勁度方程式之推導 37
3.4剛體運動測試 41
3.4.1剛體運動法則 41
3.4.2以剛體運動檢測非線性元素 42
3.5含溫度效應時桿件內力之處理 44
3.6含溫度效應之幾何非線性分析程序 46
3.6.1僅考慮外加載重之分析程序 47
3.6.2僅考慮溫度效應之分析程序 49
3.6.3廣義位移控制法 51
3.7結論 53

第四章 二階彈塑性分析理論 60
4.1導論 60
4.2彈塑性分析模式 61
4.3二階彈塑性分析 62
4.3.1基本假設 62
4.3.2應力重新分配及元素勁度修正 63
4.3.3二階彈塑性分析流程 66
4.4範例分析 69
4.5結論 73

第五章 含溫度效應之二維剛架非線性分析 80
5.1導論 80
5.2增溫－加力模式之剛架行為分析 80
5.3加力－增溫模式之剛架行為分析 84
5.4加載路徑對極限強度之影響 88
5.5幾何瑕疵之影響 90

第六章 結論與展望 109
6.1結論 109
6.2建議與展望 110

附錄A 113
參考文獻 115

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