臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著線性變頻脈衝放大技術的發展，在過去十年間雷射物理學家藉著持續成長的尖峰功率不斷地開創令人驚嘆的新研究領域—強場雷射物理。在10^23W/m^2的強大電磁場作用下，任何物質都會被瞬間游離成為電漿，而產生出來的電漿可以當作一種具有非線性光學性質的媒介。由於電漿不會被高強度雷射破壞，又具有極寬廣的工作頻率範圍，其光學性質可以藉由改變電漿密度或雷射強度來控制，可調的範圍很大，且反應速度快，因此頗具優勢。而電漿非線性光學是可以用來達成控制強場物理裡面雷射與電漿進行交互作用的重要方法。在這本論文裡面，我闡述一項以雷射加工氣體來製作電漿中的瞬態週期結構的有效方法。在強場雷射物理總體的發展上，此種電漿結構技術的開發更把強場物理的運作平台推進到回授控制電漿器件的層次。在眾多以電漿非線性光學為基礎的電漿元件裡，週期性交錯的電漿密度結構是要獲得具有準相位匹配的相對論性諧波產生的必要電漿元件，而電漿波導則是能夠用來增長高強度雷射脈衝與電漿交互作用的有效作用長度的必要電漿元件。應用過去已開發完成的局佈加熱膨脹的方法，我利用一道可程式控制的加熱脈衝，可以完成這兩種電漿元件的製作。而且因為電漿裡的離子需要奈秒的時間尺度才足以移動一微米距離，這兩種電漿元件並不會被接著來進行強場物理反應的飛秒脈衝所破壞。在實驗上，一方面我應用可程式控制、具有週期性密度調變的電漿波導以準相位匹配的方法來增強三階相對論性諧波的強度達50倍。一方面我將電漿波導的方法應用到背向拉曼雷射放大器的實驗，可以將單程的增益提升近一千倍。這些實驗顯示出雷射加工的瞬態電漿結構將在強場雷射物理的未來發展上扮演極端重要的角色。

The advent of femtosecond lasers with relativistic intensity has opened a new frontier of research—high-field physics. Under such a strong electromagnetic field it becomes possible to use plasmas as nonlinear optical medium. Plasma nonlinear optics is a crucial approach for controlling laser-plasma interaction in high-field physics. The ability to fabricate gas and/or plasma density structures is the crucial element for attaining fine control on laser-plasma interaction. In this thesis, the development of an effective method for fabricating arbitrary transient plasma structures that function as programmable photonic devices in high-field physics is presented. Among various devices based on plasma nonlinear optics, periodic plasma structures are essential for achieving quasi-phase matching in relativistic harmonic generation, and plasma waveguide are essential for extending the effective length of laser-plasma interaction. These plasma structures can be fabricated by programmed machining pulses using the ignitor-heater scheme, and the structures will not be damaged by the following femtosecond main pulse because ions in the structures move in a much longer time scale. By using a programmed periodic plasma structure, quasi-phase matching in relativistic harmonic generation was achieved, and the on-axis intensity of the harmonic was increased by 50 folds. By using a plasma waveguide, the interaction length of backward Raman amplification was significantly increased, and a gain of near 1000 was achieved. These experiments demonstrate that laser-fabricated plasma structures can play an important role in the future development of high-field physics.

Abstract v
List of Figures vii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 High-Field Plasma Nonlinear Optics 1
1.2 IAMS 10-TW Laser System 4
1.3 Experimental Techniques on Laser-Plasma Interaction 6
1.4 About the Thesis 9
2 Fabrication of Transient Plasma Structures by Laser Machining 13
2.1 Fabrication of Spatial Transient Density Structures 13
2.2 Optical System for Laser Machining 15
2.3 System Configuration 16
2.4 Characteristics of Plasma Density Structures 20
2.4.1 Basic Characteristics 20
2.4.2 Plasma Density Distributions 23
2.5 Tomography of High Harmonic Generation in a Cluster Jet 27
2.5.1 High Harmonic Generation from Gases 27
2.5.2 Experimental Setup and Diagnostic Tools 30
2.5.3 Principle of Tomographic Measurement of Laser-Plasma Interaction 32
2.5.4 Tomographic Measurement of High Harmonic Generation in a Ar Cluster Jet 34
2.6 Programmable Mask 40
2.7 Plasma Waveguide 46
2.8 Adaptive Feedback Control 49
3 Quasi-Phase Matching of Relativistic Harmonic Generation by a Periodic Plasma Waveguide 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Relativistic Harmonic Generation 53
3.2.1 Basic Physics 53
3.2.2 Quasi-Phase Matching of the Relativistic Harmonics 54
3.2.3 Experimental Setup and Diagnostic Tools 56
3.3 Quasi-Phase-Matched Relativistic Third Harmonic Generation 60
3.3.1 Characteristics of the Third Harmonics 60
3.3.2 Enhancement of Relativistic Third Harmonic by a Periodic Waveguide 64
4 Backward Raman Amplification in a Plasma Waveguide 71
4.1 Plasma-Based Laser Amplification 71
4.2 Demonstration of Backward Raman Amplification in a Plasma Waveguide 76
4.2.1 System Design and Configuration 77
4.2.2 Guiding of the laser pulses by the plasma waveguide 78
4.2.3 Characterization of the Amplified Seed Pulse 82
4.3 Advantage and Limitation 89
5 Conclusion and Perspective 93
Bibliography 97

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