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研究生:黃忻怡
研究生(外文):Hsin-i Huang
論文名稱:脆弱的王子、狂野的天鵝─馬修.柏恩《天鵝湖》中性別角色之分析
論文名稱(外文):The Fragile Prince and the Wild Swans: Gender Roles in Matthew Bourne’s Swan Lake
指導教授:陳雅萍陳雅萍引用關係趙玉玲趙玉玲引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣藝術大學
系所名稱:表演藝術研究所
學門:藝術學門
學類:綜合藝術學類
論文種類:學術論文
畢業學年度:97
中文關鍵詞:《天鵝湖》馬修.柏恩奇異化性別
外文關鍵詞:Swan LakeMatthew BourneVerfremdunseffektgender
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古典芭蕾舞劇《天鵝湖》(Swan Lake, 1895)為經典劇碼,劇中男女主角的故事為人所熟知,而王子英勇的形象與公主嬌弱的氣質更是深植人心。英國編舞家馬修.柏恩(Matthew Bourne, 1960-)改編古典芭蕾《天鵝湖》,為此經典舞劇提供新的詮釋。柏恩的《天鵝湖》(Swan Lake)於1995年首演後立即獲得熱烈迴響。柏恩的版本以二十世紀英國皇室為背景並重新鋪陳故事。柏恩的版本依然有皇后、王子、天鵝等角色,但是其形象不同於其古典的原型,甚至出現極大的反差。王子不再是英雄,而是一個脆弱且無助的人物。舞作中的劇中劇「天蛾湖」(moth ballet)也以幽默的方式,諷刺浪漫芭蕾與古典芭蕾舞劇中,男女主角一成不變的性別形象。而真正引起關注的是作品中的「男」天鵝。柏恩試圖在作品中玩弄性別議題,他改變角色的形象,藉此突顯社會中長期被視為理所當然的性別刻板印象。柏恩的版本可用德國戲劇學者布雷希特(Bertolt Brecht, 1898-1959)的「奇異化」理論(Verfremdunseffekt)予以分析-將尋常的事物變的奇怪,藉此道出事物底下不公平的現象。本論文將運用布雷希特「奇異化」理論、拉岡的心理分析理論與其他性別研究相關之論述,將三類理論結合分析柏恩《天鵝湖》中的性別意涵。

Swan Lake has been a ballet classic. The story and the images of the heroic prince and the fragile swan princess are deeply rooted in people’s mind. British choreographer Matthew Bourne has reinvented the ballet classic Swan Lake, offering it a contemporary version. Bourne’s Swan Lake was premiered in 1995 and hit a great success. As a contemporary version, Bourne’s Swan Lake is set in the 20th century Royal family and tells a new story. Though there are also prince and swans in his version, their images were different from (or contrary to) their classical prototype. The prince is no longer a hero but a weak and helpless figure. Bourn also stages a mocking ballet “the Moth Ballet” to satirize the male and female characters in Romantic and Classical ballets. However, it may be those “male” swans that bring the sensation. It seems that Bourne has played with the gender issues in his work. By making those characters different from their original images, Bourne has brought out the gender stereotype that has long time been taken for granted in the society. Bourne’s version can be analyzed with Bertolt Brecht’s theory of “Verfremdunseffekt”: make strange those ordinary objects or circumstances and thus tell the injustice underneath. In this research, Brecht’s theory as well as Lacan’s psychoanalysis theory and other gender related discourses will be employed to discuss the gender issues in Bourne’s Swan Lake.

中文專書:
畢恆達、洪文龍(2006)。《GQ男人在發燒》。台北:女書文化。
平珩編(1995)。《舞蹈欣賞》。台北:三名書局。
慕羽(2004)。《百老匯音樂劇:美國夢和一個永恆的象徵》。台北:大地。
杜聲鋒 (1989)。《拉康結構主義精神分析學》。台北:遠流。
唐荷(2003)。《女性主義文學理論》。台北:揚智文化
李立亨(2000)。《我的看戲隨身書》。台北:天下遠見。
李立亨(2000)。《我的看舞隨身書》。台北:天下遠見。
藍凡(2002)。《芭蕾》。上海:三聯書店。
藍劍虹(1999)。《現代戲劇的追尋:新演員或是新觀眾?-布雷希特、莫雷諾比較研究》。
台北:唐山出版社。
廖金鳳編(2001)。《電影指南》。台北:遠流。
顧燕翎(2000)。《女性主義理論與流派》。台北:女書。
焦雄屏(1993)。《歌舞電影縱橫談》。台北:遠流。
邱瑗(1997)。《歌舞線上》。台北:燿文。
張靜二(1999)。《西洋戲劇與戲劇家》。台北:翰盧。
陳煒智、陳芸芸(2006)。《黃金年華舊歡如夢:音樂史記第一部-歌舞劇場的絕代巨擘
1900-1960》。台北:音樂時代文化。
陳煒智、陳芸芸(2006)。《革新歲月錦繡前程:音樂史記第二部-歌舞劇場的絕代巨擘
1960-》台北:音樂時代文化。
伍曼麗編(1999)。《舞蹈欣賞》。台北:五南。
王國芳、郭本禹(1997)。《拉岡》。台北:生智文化。
溫明麗、洪萬生、梁一萍、潘慧玲、洪久賢、鄔佩麗等(2003)。《性別議題導論》。台
北:高等教育。

學位論文:
馮靖評(2003)。《優美之代價-論規訓下女芭蕾舞者的性別化程式》。南華大學
美學與藝術管理研究所,碩士論文。

論文集:
倪淑蘭(2004)。<身體政策:論碧那包許舞蹈劇場之社會姿態>。《表演藝術國
際學術研討會論文集》,朱俐主編,頁114-124。台北:國立台灣藝術大學。

翻譯著作:
米勒亞格尼斯(1969)。《芭蕾舞劇欣賞》,何恭上譯。台北:大江。
米勒亞格尼斯(1970)。《英國皇家芭蕾舞團》,何恭上譯。台北:大江。
R. W. 科內爾 (R. W. Connell)(2004)。《性╱別》(Gender),劉泗翰譯。台北:書林。
肯尼斯.克拉特鮑 (Kenneth Clatterbaugh) (2003)。《男性氣慨的當代觀點》(Contemporary Perspectives on Masculinity),劉建台、林宗德譯。台北:女書文化。
尼可拉斯•羅得史特姆 (Niklas Radstrom)(2002)。《瑞典查甫人:八個瑞典男人談平等、
男性氣質與親情》(Men on men: Eight Swedish men’s personal view on equality,
masculinity and parenthood),朱恩伶譯。台北:女書文化。
格蕾.格林 (Gayle Greene)、考比里亞.庫恩 (Coppelia Kahn) (1995)。《女性主義文學批
評》(Making a Difference: Feminist Literary Criticism),陳引馳譯。板橋:駱駝。
約翰•阿卻爾(John Archer)、芭芭拉•洛伊德(Barbra Lloyd)(2002)。《性與性別》(Sex &;
Gender),簡皓瑜譯。台北:巨流圖書。

外文專書:
Ashton, Geoffrey (1985). Petrushka. UK: Aurum Press Ltd.
Aston, Elaine (1995). An introduction to feminism and theatre. UK: Routledge.
Au, Susan (2002) Ballet and Modern Dance. London: Thames &; Husdon Ltd.
Banes, Sally (1998). Dancing Women: Female Bodies on Stage. London: Routledge.
Bourne, Matthew and Macaulay, Alastair (1999). Matthew Bourne and his Adventure in
Motion Pictures. US: Faber and Faber Inc.
Brecht, Bertolt (1964). Brecht on Theatre. John Willett (Tran. and Ed.) New York: Hill and
Wang.
Brockett, Oscar G. and Ball, Robert J (2000). The Essential Theatre. USA: Wadsworth Group/
Thomas Learning.
Brockett, Oscar G. and Hildy, Franklin J. (2003). History of the Theatre. USA: Ally &; Bacon.
Buckle, Richard (1982). In the Wake of Diaghilev. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Burt, Ramsay (1995). The Male Dancer:Bodies, Spectacle and Sexuality. London: Routledge.
Burt, Ramsay (1998). Nijinsky: modernism and heterodox representations of masculinity.
The Routlege Dance Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and Subversion of Identity. New York &;
London: Routledge.
Carlson, Marvin (1996). Performance: A Critical Introduction. London and New York:
Routlege.
Desmond, Jane C. (1998). Embodying difference: issues in dance and cultural studies. The
Routledge Dance Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
Desmond, Jane C. (1999). Feminist inquiry and dance research. Researching Dance:
Evolving Modes of Inquiry. Horton Fraleigh and Penelope Hanstein (ed.) USA:
University of Pittsburgh Press.s
Dolan, Jill (1991). The Female Spectator as Critic. USA: University of Michigan Press.
Duroke, Bernard (ed.) (1974). Dramatic Theory and Criticism. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc.
Eddershaw, Margaret (1996). Performing Brecht. NY: Routledge.
Esslin, Martin (1985). Brecht. New York: Methuen
Franchi, Christina (2004). Frederick Ashton. UK: the Royal Opera House and Oberon Books
Ltd.
Freud, Sigmund. (1962). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Strachey, James (Trans.).
New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Gassner, John and Quinn, Edward (ed.) (2002). The Reader’s Encyclopedia of World Drama.
USA: Dover Publications
Harris, Thomas J. (1989). Children’s Live-Action Musical Film. USA: McFarland.
Johnstone, Albert A. (1984). Language and non-language of dance. Illuminating Dance:
Philosophical Explorations. USA: Associated University Press, Inc.
Jordan, Stephanie, &; Thomas, Helen (1998). Dance and Gender: Formalism and Semiotics
Reconsidered. The Routledge Dance Reader. Alexander Carter. ed. London: Routledge.
Klein, Dennis A. (1993). Peter Shaffer. New York: Twayne Publisher.
Kraus, Richard and Chapman, Sarah (1981). History of the Dance in Art and Education.
USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kurtti, Jeff (1996). The Great Movie Musical Trivia Book. NY: Applause Boks.
Lieven, Prince Peter (1973). The Birth of the Ballet-Russes. USA: Dover Publications, Inc.
Mitter, Shomit. (2005) Bertolt Brecht. Fifty Key Theatre Directors, NY: Routledge.
Michell, Juliet and Rose Jacqueline. (eds.). (1985). Feminine Sexuality. USA: W. W. Norton
and Pantheon Books.
Macauley, Alastair (2004). Matthew Bourne, dance history and Swan Lake. Rethinking
Dance History, 157-169, London and New York: Routledge.
Meyer, Baron Adolf de, Dunning, Jennifer, Buckle, Richard, and Guest, Ann Hutchinson
(1993). L'apr&;egrave;s-midi d'un Faune. New York: Horizon
Nectoux, Jean-Michel (ed.). (1990). Nijinsky Prelude L'apr&;egrave;s-midi d'un Faune. London:
Thames and Guest.
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Nugent, Ann (1985). Swan Lake. UK: Aurum Press Ltd.
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in dance. Rethinking Dance History, 46-58. London and New York: Routledge.
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外文期刊:
Diamond, Elin. (1998). Brechtian theory / feminism theory. TDR, 32, 82-94.
Drumond, Kent G. (2003). The queering of Swan Lake: a new male gaze for the
performance of sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 45, 235-255.
Juhasz, Suzanne. (2008). Queer swans: those fabulous avians in the Swan Lakes of Les
Ballets Trockadero and Matthew Bourne. Dance Chronicle, 31, 54-83.
報章雜誌評論:
Atwood, Robert. (1999). Matthew Bourne’s “Swan Lake.” Attitude: The Dancer’s Magazine,
13, 11-13.
Finkle, David. (1998). Re: Bourne: British choreographer brings boy birds to Broadway.
The Villiage Voice, 43, 39.
Finkle, David. (1998). Nasty boys. The Village Voice, 43, 162.
Lampert-Greaux, Ellen. (1998). Reinvented classics. TCI, 32, 44.
Wolf, Matt. (1997). Matthew Bourne: a bow for bravado. American Theatre, 14, 33.

影像資料:
《七對佳偶》,台北:長影國際多媒體股份有限公司。
Ardolino, Emile (1998). Nureyev and the Joffrey Ballet in Tribute to Nijinsky [VHS] . USA: Nonesuch.
Bourne, Matthew (1996). Swan Lake [DVD]. UK: BBC
Bourne, Matthew (2003). Nutcracker [DVD]. UK: Screen Stage Ltd.
Donen, Stanly and Kelly, Gene (1952) Singing in the Rain [DVD]. USA: Warner
Haley Jr., Jack (1985) That’s Dancing [DVD]. USA: MGM.
Petipa, Marius, Ivanov, Lev and Wright, Peter. Swan Lake [DVD]. UK: BBC Worldwide Ltd.

網路評論:
Brown, Ismene. (May 10, 2008) Magical dancing swans set the West End aflutter.
The Daily Telegraph. http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review11.pdf [1996]
Craine, Debra. (May 10, 2008). Swan Lake. The Times.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review17.pdf [Dec. 9th, 2004]
Hchenadel, Kristin. (May 2nd, 2008) Guys and swans—L.A. Times Interview
http://www.dance90210.com/swaninter.html [April 20, 1997]
Isherwood, Charles (May 10, 2008). Swan Lake. Variety.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review05.pdf [Oct. 12th, 1998]
Mackrell, Judith. (May 10, 2008). Who dares swims. The Guardian.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review09.pdf [Sep. 14, 1996]
Oxman, Steven. (May 10, 2008). Matthew Bourne’s Swan Lake. Vaiety.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review02.pdf. [Mar. 10, 2006]
Parry, Jann. (May 10, 2008). The swan that I want. The Observer.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review15.pdf [Oct. 12th, 2004]
Roberts, David. (2008, May 10) “Swan Lake” by Matthew Bourne, music by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky at the Neil Simon Theatre. Theatre Review
http://www.theatrereviews.com/pastreviews/swanlake.html
Sacks, Anne. (May 10, 2008) The birdmen have landed. Evening Standard.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review03.pdf. [Feb. 8th, 2000]
Winn, Steven. (May 10, 2008) Matthew Bourne’s “Swan Lake” hatches a new vision of the
ballet that was just waiting to take flight. San Francisco Chronicle.
http://www.swanlaketour.com/reviews/review01.pdf. [Mar. 24, 2006]
參考網站:
馬修.柏恩《天鵝湖》網站。http://www.swanlaketour.com/(2008年5月2日)
馬修.柏恩《胡桃鉗》網站。http://www.matthewbournesnutcracker.com/(2008年10月
10日)
「新冒險舞團」網站。http://www.new-adventures.net/index.php(2008年5月2日)
李其昌。布雷希特史詩劇場的社會理念
http://ed.arte.gov.tw/uploadfile/Periodical/728_140_8085.pdf(2008年5月2日)

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