臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一般半導體LED的折射率大於外部的折射率，換句話說半導體LED所產生的光線大部份都被半導體與外部的界面全反射回到半導體內部，全反射的光線則被活性層本身與電極、基板吸收。因此LED chip對外部的取光率遠低於內部的量子效率，以現階段的技術而言LED的外部取光率只有30%。而傳統半球型的透鏡，由於無經過設計，全反射情形嚴重，導致外部取光率更低，且在出光部份會有照度不均勻的現象，故當該類型透鏡應用於直下式背光顯示器時，往往會造成俗稱”斑馬紋”的現象產生。
本研究從透鏡造型著手，利用透鏡來改變光的走向，以提高均勻度。本研究是利用LightTools軟體來進行光學設計及分析，以設計較佳的發光均勻度為目標。研究中討論非球面設計及非球面結合近似R的設計方式有何差異。並以建立一套完整的LED Lens最佳化設計流程為目的，其可以有效的模擬出LED光學透鏡的發光型態，節省後續光學分析所花費的時間。
LED和傳統光源比較佔有較多優點，如體積小、壽命長、低能量損耗反應速度快且封裝簡易。當光源被使用為背光源時，LED的光學特性需求和一般的有所差異。新型LED需要的是一套光源均勻散開的設計，而此本研究所設計出的一個非球面凹透鏡，可以使LED照度均勻度由28.4% 提昇至 93.8%。在未來，相信這項設計運用於LED顯示器必定可以大幅改善其均勻度之問題。

Due to the luminous efficiency of the light emitting diode (LED) being over 100 lm/w , the designing criteria for modern LED is focused on uniformity. The refractive index of a conventional semiconductor LED is higher than air so that the emitting photons can be emitted with a small escape cone. The quantum efficacy of an LED chip will show a deduction of 70% with comparing to that in active layer. For this, a novel lens design approach is proposed to increase the extraction energy and the spatial uniformity on the illuminated plane.
In this research, the escaped light-way will be changed to enhane the uniformity of LED chip by a designed lens. LightTools is used to optical design and analysis to designing the lens. In the research, the researcher discusses the differences between the aspheric surface design and the aspheric surface union approximate R design. In addition, the researcher establishes a set of complete LED the Lens optimization design cycle, which may simulate the illumination of LED optical lens efficiently, saving the time from the following optical analysis.
LED has more advantages compared with a traditionalincandescent light bulb and a fluorescent lamp, such as small size, low quantity of heat, long life, low power consumption, fast response, plain packaging and ease of develop ment of a frivolous short product. A methodology is proposed to improve the uniformity of the LED illumination system. As a light source in a backlight unit (BLU), the requirement for optical characteristics of a LED is different from highly directional conventional ones. New diffused-type LEDs need to be developed to fulfill the requirement of the BLU industry. A non-spherical lens is designed to optimize uniformity, and a great improvement in uniformity from 28.4% to 93.8% is demonstrated. In the future, it may used in an LED display to improve the unevenness of illumination.

摘要 ..........................i
ABSTRACT ..........................ii
致謝 ..........................iv
目 錄 ..........................v
表目錄 ..........................vii
圖目錄 ..........................viii
第一章 緒論 ..........................1
1.1 前言 ..........................1
1.2 研究背景與動機 ..........................5
1.3 文獻回顧 ..........................9
1.4 研究目的 ..........................11
第二章 光學透鏡設計相關理論與背景 ........15
2.1 光學原理 ..........................15
2.1.1 反射與折射 ..........................15
2.1.2 折射率 ..........................17
2.1.3 全反射 ..........................17
2.1.4 球面折射 ..........................18
2.1.5 ANSI規範 ..........................18
2.1.6 光均勻度(Light uniformity)量測 .................19
2.2 照明學原理 ..........................21
2.3 光強度分析 ..........................23
2.3.1 朗伯發光模式分析 ..........................23
第三章 LED原理與製程 ..........................27
3.1 LED發光原理 ..........................27
3.2 LED種類 ..........................28
3.3 LED製程簡介 ..........................30
3.4 LED產品應用 ..........................32
第四章 光學模擬與分析方法 ..........................34
4.1 光學軟體介紹 ..........................34
4.2 光學模擬設定 ..........................36
4.2.1 光學模擬結構模型 ..........................36
4.2.1 照度分佈觀察面 ..........................39
4.3 光學模擬初步結果 ..........................41
4.4 結論 ..........................42
第五章 LED透鏡設計與光學分析 .................43
5.1 LED透鏡設計流程 ..........................43
5.2 新型LED透鏡設計 ..........................44
5.3 LED透鏡造型變化對光均勻度之影響 .................45
5.4 光學模擬軟體繪製模型與AUTOCAD繪製模型的差異.......58
第六章 透鏡開模製作及實驗結果 .................61
6.1 透鏡開模製作 ..........................61
6.2 實驗結果 ..........................64
第七章 結果與討論 ..........................71
第八章 總結 ..........................75
參考文獻 ..........................76
附錄 ..........................78
附錄1 2008台灣顯示科技研討會 .................78
附錄2 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICS-PHOTONICS DESIGN & FABRICATION (CO-LOCATED WITH OPTO TAIWAN 2008) ..........................81
附錄3 OPTICAL REVIEW VOL. 16, NO. 3 (2009) 322-324 ..........................84
EXTENDED ABSTRACT ..........................95
簡歷 ..........................98

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