臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出了使用FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)硬體架構的三度空間定位系統。我們使用二組影像感測器模仿雙眼來擷取從不同角度看到的光點影像，以FPGA來做數位影像的處理，分別求出光點在兩組影像中的座標值，再利用三角幾何學的方式來推導光點在三維空間中的X、Y和Z的座標值。在與電腦的互動應用上，我們讓FPGA控制USB滑鼠模組裡的微控器，產生X、Y和Z的控制訊號來驅動電腦的滑鼠跟隨光點移動，並以Z軸的移動訊號取代滑鼠的滾輪訊號，無須考量電腦作業系統版本的差異性，也無須安裝任何驅動程式，即可在電腦上面完成光點的三維移動。我們設計一個光點反射器，讓光點指示器的發光角度更大，使系統在擷取影像時，不會因為LED之方向性的問題而抓取不到影像中光點。
此外，我們延伸上述系統Z軸之資料傳輸功能，製作了具資料擷取功能之滑鼠裝置，以一顆具有A/D功能的MCU，接收到類比訊號後，由A/D轉換為數位信號，再由MCU的I/O傳送滾輪移動訊號給滑鼠。我們用C語言寫了處理滑鼠訊號軟體，來把接收到的數位信號在軟體上顯示出來，來達成具有隨插即用功能之資料擷取滑鼠裝置。

In this paper, we propose a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip module to implement the three-dimensional (3-D) light spot positioning system. We use two CMOS image sensors to capture spot images in different view angles and then use FPGA to perform digital image processing. Triangulation technique is used to get the X, Y and Z coordinates value in 3-D space. In computer interactive application, we use the FPGA to generate X- and Y-axis signals to drive the mouse cursor to follow the light spot and the Z-axis signal to replace the mouse wheel. For this system, it is not necessary to consider the computer operational system version and there is no need to install any drivers. A home-made light spot generator is used to improve the spot image form in the two image sensors and then improve the positioning accuracy.
In addition, we produce a data acquisition device using the standard mouse interface by using the z-axis signal in the above 3-D positioning system. We use a MCU with A/D converter to convert analog signals into digital signal and then use the input/output (I/O) port to transfer these digital signals into the wheel signals for the mouse. We write a C program to deal with a mouse signals and display the received data. This data acquisition system is a USB plug-and-play device.

中文摘要................................................i
Abstract...............................................ii
致謝..................................................iii
目錄...................................................iv
表目錄.................................................vi
圖目錄................................................vii
第一章 導論.............................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的..................................1
1.2 文獻回顧........................................3
1.3 本論文之特色....................................7
1.4 論文架構........................................8
第二章 FPGA開發版介紹...................................9
2.1 FPGA介紹.......................................10
2.2 DE2開發版簡介..................................12
2.3 CMOS影像感測器模組.............................14
2.4 FPGA程式設計流程...............................17
2.5 Verilog硬體描述語言簡述........................19
第三章 三度空間光點定位技術............................20
3.1 雙眼視覺幾何之探討.............................21
3.2 單顆CMOS影像感測器的光點中心座標定位法.........23
3.3 以FPGA實現三度空間光點座標定位系統.............25
3.3.1 影像擷取模組介紹.........................26
3.3.2 影像處理模組介紹.........................32
3.3.3 三度空間座標處理模組介紹.................34
3.3.4 影像輸出模組介紹.........................38
3.4 光點定位系統功能驗證...........................39
3.4.1 驗證影像擷取和光點指示器控制功能.........40
3.4.2 驗證影像相減功能.........................43
3.4.3 驗證單張影像光點中心定位功能.............44
3.4.4 驗證三維空間光點定位座標功能.............44
3.5 與電腦互動之應用...............................47
3.5.1 光學滑鼠的結構與動作原理.................48
3.5.2 USB滑鼠模組與FPGA系統結合................50
3.5.3 FPGA內滑鼠控制模組設計...................52
3.6 三度空間光點定位技術與滑鼠應用結合測試.........56
3.6.1 系統影像處理速度.........................56
3.6.2 三度空間光點與滑鼠間的互動測試之結果.....57
第四章 具資料擷取功能之滑鼠裝置........................60
4.1 HT46R232微控制器簡介...........................61
4.2 系統工作原理...................................63
4.3 軟體製作流程...................................65
4.4 系統測試結果...................................68
第五章 結論與未來研究發展..............................70
5.1 結論...........................................70
5.2 未來研究發展...................................71
參考文獻...............................................72
英文論文大綱···········································74
簡歷...................................................79

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