臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來無線網路、無線通訊等技術快速發展，並應用於各種領域，包括多媒體的收發、保全監視、醫療照護、災害警告、門禁管制、家庭電子商務、自動讀表系統 (Automatic Meter Reading System, AMR)、家庭自動化 (Home Automation, HA) 及定位系統等，為人們日常生活帶來更多安全性及便利性。ZigBee 無線通訊是屬於 IEEE 802.15.4 通訊協定，具雙向傳輸、高可靠度、低耗電、AES-128Bits 加密功能等多項特性，尤其在無線感測網路及監控系統中更為研究焦點。因此，本論文旨在進一步擴展完成下述三項主要研究：
(1) 採用 ZigBee 無線感測器網路(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)，架構區域定位系統，透過路由器 (Router) 作中繼訊號之傳輸介面轉換，將定位信號透過閘道器 (Gateway) 傳回PC端。另外亦有設計PC 端 VB 圖形化定位介面，讓使用者可輕易得知定位資訊、定位標籤及各ZigBee 模組之訊號封包。
(2) 以嵌入式系統設計 ZigBee 無線遙控器與 ZigBee 家電裝置，實現 ZigBee 家庭自動化控制。
(3) 行動輔具控制系統開發,並整合ZigBee 定位系統與ZigBee 家庭自動化控制，增加其行動輔具之高附加價值。其中行動輔具控制系統開發主要以可規劃邏輯陣列 (Field Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGA) 作為控制器，並自行設計控制電路與馬達驅動電路，利用脈波寬度調變 (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) 技術驅動直流有刷馬達，以達成轉速與方向之功能控制。

In recent years, the techniques of global wireless network and wireless communication have applied in various fields. The applications include the transmission of multimedia receiver, security monitoring, medical care, disaster warning, doorway intercom, family e-commerce services, automatic meter reading system, home automation, and location system, which bring more security and facility to human life. ZigBee wireless communication is accorded to IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which includes the characteristic of two-way transmission, high reliability, low power, and AES-128 bits encryption devices. Thus the application of ZigBee on the sensor network and monitoring system is the researching key point. This dissertation presents the further completion of the following three major researchs:
(1) Use ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) to create the area position system, in which the router is used for the relaying signal transmission interface conversion, and the gateway is placed to receive positioning signals for PC client. In addition, the users can easily know location information, location label and the packet signal of ZigBee module through the PC-side graphical VB interface.
(2) Use embedded system to design the ZigBee wireless remote control and the ZigBee appliance equipment for realizing the ZigBee home automation control.
(3) Integrate ZigBee location system and ZigBee home automation control system into electric wheelchair to improve the mobile functions. The controller of electric wheelchair control system is developed by field programmable gate array technique. The control circuit and motor drive circuit is designed with pulse width modulation technology to achieve the functions to control brush DC motors speed and direction.

摘要..................................i
英文摘要..............................ii
致謝..................................iii
目錄..................................iv
表目錄................................vii
圖目錄................................viii
符號說明..............................xiii

第一章緒論............................1
1.1研究動機...........................1
1.2研究目的與文獻回顧.................2
1.3論文架構...........................3
第二章理論基礎........................5
2.1無線通訊...........................5
2.1.1網路模型.........................7
2.2ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 介紹..........8
2.2.1ZigBee 特性......................10
2.2.2ZigBee 通訊協定..................12
2.3ZigBee 無線感測網路介紹............14
2.4定位演算法.........................17
2.4.1TOA 定位法.......................18
2.4.2TDOA 定位法......................19
2.4.3AOA 定位法.......................21
2.4.4RSSI 定位法......................22
2.4.5三角定位誤差法...................23
第三章技術探討........................25
3.1定位技術探討.......................25
3.1.1GPS定位技術......................25
3.1.2Cell ID定位技術..................26
3.1.3RFID定位技術.....................27
3.1.4超音波定位技術...................28
3.1.5Wi-Fi 定位技術...................29
3.1.6UWB 定位技術.....................30
3.2家庭自動化技術.....................31
3.2.1X-10 家庭自動化技術..............32
3.2.2CEBus 家庭自動化技術.............33
3.2.3Lon Works 家庭自動化技術.........34
3.2.4ZigBee 家庭自動化技術............35
3.3直流有刷馬達驅動技術...............37
3.3.1PWM 原理.........................38
3.3.2電晶體驅動電路...................39
3.3.3MOSFET驅動電路...................39
3.3.4半橋驅動電路.....................40
3.3.5全橋驅動電路.....................41
第四章系統軟硬體架構..................42
4.1定位系統軟硬體架構.................42
4.1.1iTracer Extension Gateway 模組...42
4.1.2iTracer Location Node 模組.......43
4.1.3iTracer Location Tag 模組........44
4.1.4定位軟體監控介面.................44
4.1.5資料庫結構.......................47
4.1.6定位演算法.......................48
4.1.7定位系統整體架構.................50
4.2家庭自動化硬體架構.................50
4.2.1IEEE 802.15.4 通訊晶片...........50
4.2.2ZigBee 遙控器....................53
4.2.3ZigBee 家電裝置..................54
4.3行動輔具電路設計...................55
4.3.1行動輔具控制器...................55
4.3.2馬達控制電路設計.................59
4.3.3馬達驅動主電路設計...............63
第五章實驗測試與實驗結果..............66
5.1ZigBee 定位系統實驗結果............66
5.1.1定位點測示與距離量測數據.........66
5.1.2VB 監控軟體......................75
5.2家庭自動化控制系統實驗結果.........79
5.3行動輔具實驗結果...................81
第六章結論與未來研究方向..............88
參考文獻..............................90
作者簡介..............................96

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