臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鋼琴構造的改良，從十六世紀開始，大致完成於十九世紀。

由於工業革命的影響，鋼琴有了比以往更宏亮的音響，給予當時的音樂家探索發展更多的可能性及新的彈奏技巧。十九世紀也是改編曲蓬勃發展的時期。許多受歡迎的歌劇詠嘆調或藝術歌曲經常被改編為鋼琴曲。

因為這兩項因素, 造就李斯特在鋼琴改編曲上無人能出其右的地位。他改編超過四十位音樂家的作品，涵蓋了從歌曲到管絃樂等等不同大小的編製與音樂形式。其中，李斯特改編了舒伯特多達六十餘首的作品。不難看出他在李斯特心中佔有何等特殊的地位。

本論文由鋼琴的演進切入，研究此項樂器的改良何以影響當時的彈奏技巧。並以李斯特歌曲改編集Muller-Lieder von Franz Schubert裡的兩首曲子為例，分析、整理常見的改編曲手法。

[畢業音樂會曲目]
巴哈: C小調組曲, BWV 826
海頓: C小調鋼琴奏鳴曲, Hob. XVI: 20
巴爾托克: 野蠻的快板
舒曼: 幻想曲, op. 17

After the span of more than three hundred years, the modifications for piano structure had almost reached its evolutionary maturity in the early nineteenth century.

Influenced by the technological developments which occurred during the Industrial Revolution, the “new piano” could produce grander sounds than before, giving musicians of the time the possibility to explore and develop new piano playing techniques. It was also during this era in which transcription thrived. Popular arias and lieder were oftentimes transcribed into solo piano pieces.

As a result, Liszt transcribed works from over forty musicians, ranging from lieder to symphonies in terms of music forms. This is an achievement that remains difficult to surpass, even for modern day musicians.

This thesis discusses how piano’s evolution affected playing technique. Later, an analysis of two transcriptions from Muller-Lieder von Franz Schubert will demonstrate main methods that are still used in solo piano transcriptions today.

[Recital Program]
J. S. Bach : Partita no. 2, BWV 826
F. J. Haydn : Piano Sonata in C minor, Hob. XVI: 20
B. Bartόk : Allegro Barbaro
R. Schumann : Phantasie, op. 17

目次

第一章 緒論 0

第二章 李斯特的生平與歌曲改編背景 4

第一節 李斯特的生平 4
第二節 關於美麗的磨坊少女 11
第三節 從舒伯特的歌曲到李斯特的改編曲 13
第三章 鋼琴改編曲 16

第一節 鋼琴構造的改良 16
第二節 鋼琴彈奏技法的演進與開發 19
第三節 改編曲的背景與其盛行 25
第四章 樂曲分析 29

第一節 樂曲分析 29
第二節 改編手法的運用 43
第三節 輝煌鋼琴技巧與抒情藝術歌曲的結合 51
第五章 結論 55

參考書目 57

附錄 60

參考書目

原文參考文獻
Allsobrook, David Ian. Liszt: My Travelling Circus Life. London: Macmillan Press, 1991.
Brown, Maurice John Edwin. Schubert–A Critical Biography. New York: Da Capo Press, 1977.
Clementi, Muzio. Introduction to the Art of Playing on the Piano Forte. New York: Da Capo Press, 1974.
Clive, Peter. Schubert and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
Gerig, Reginald. Famous Pianists & Their Technique. New York: R. B. Luce, 1974.
Gerling, Cristina C. “Franz Schubert and Franz Liszt: A Posthumous Partnership” in Nineteenth-Century Piano Music: Essays in Performance and Analysis, edited by David Witten, 205-232. St. Petersburg: Satikov-Shchedrin Public Library, 1997.
Geroge, J. M., Jr. “Franz Liszt’s Transcriptions of Schubert’s Songs for Solo Pianoforte: A Study of Transcribing and Keyboard Techniques.” Diss., The University of Iowa, 1976.
Gillespie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, 1965.
Gordon, Stewart. A History of Keyboard Literature. New York: Schirmer Books, 1996
Gorrell, Lorraine. The Nineteenth-Century German Lied. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1993.
Grout, Donald, and Claude Palisca. A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.
Hervey, Arthur. Franz Liszt and His Music. London: John Lane, 1911.
Kregor, J. S. “Franz Liszt and the vocabularies of transcription, 1833—1865.” Diss., Harvard University, 2007.
Madsen, C. A. “The Schubert-Liszt transcriptions: Text, interpretation, and Lieder transformation.” Diss., University of Oregon, 2003.
Mitchell, William, trans. Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1949.
Ortmann, Otto. Physiological Mechanics of Piano Technique. Da Capo Pr, 1981.
Owen, Jander. “Virtuoso.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/29502(accessed May 12, 2008).
Samson, Jim. Virtuosity and the Musical Work : the Transcendental Studies of Liszt. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Schonberg, Harold C. The Great Pianists. Simon & Schuster, 1987.
Sitwell, Sacheverell. Liszt. New York: Dover Publications, 1967.
Walker, Alan. Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years, 1811-1847. New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Walker, Alan. et al. “Liszt, Franz.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/48265 (accessed May 12, 2008).
Walker, Alan. “Liszt and the Schubert Song Transcriptions.” The Musical Quarterly 67 (1): 50-63, 1981.
Watson, Derek. The Master Musicians: Liszt. London: L.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, 1989.
Weiss, Piero, and Richard Taruskin. Music in the Western World: A History in Documents. Schirmer, 1984.

中文參考書目
任蓉。美聲法與藝術的歌唱。台北：樂韻出版社，民84。
辛丰年。鋼琴文化三百年。台北：揚智文化，民88。
李浩築。「舒伯特聯篇歌曲作品二十五《美麗的磨坊少女》中詩詞與鋼琴音型之探
討」。碩士論文，國立台南藝術大學，民96。
席慕德。舒伯特三大聯篇歌曲。台北：世界文物，民84。
馬清。鋼琴藝術史。台北：揚智文化，民87。
陳明律。美麗的磨坊少女演唱伴奏之詮釋。台北：全音樂譜，民74。
陳榮光。舒伯特藝術歌曲研究。台北：全音樂譜，民75。
楊青琳。「李斯特鋼琴改編曲中創作特色與技巧之探討--以舒伯特代表性藝術歌曲
為例」。藝術學報80（民96）: 61-83。
劉塞雲。德法藝術歌曲研究。台北：希望出版社，民65。
盧盈豪。「探討李斯特兩首鋼琴改編曲《Widmung》、《Fruhlingsnacht》」。碩士論文，私立東吳大學，民91。

樂譜
Sulyok, Imre, and Imre Mező. Franz Liszt, Free Arrangements and Transcriptions for Piano Solo, Series II, Free Arrangements VII. Budapest: Editio Musica Budapest, 1988.

錄音資料
Schubert, Franz. Schubert: Die schone Mullerin. Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich, Jorg Demus and Gerald Moore. Deutsche Grammophon, GFD4635022, 2000.
Liszt, Franz. Liszt: Schubert Song Transcriptions Vol. 2. Tryon, Valerie. Naxos, 8.554729, 2001.