臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

常見調光或非調光電子安定器架構以共振電路為主，其電路元件參數受到燈管電壓與電流的影響，但是隨著燈管老化與環境溫度的不同，影響了整個共振電路的運作。
本論文提出了以返馳式轉換器為架構之定功率調光式螢光燈電子安定器，返馳式轉換器操作於固定頻率且電流模式下工作，而螢光燈以直流方式驅動時，能達到光輸出無波動及調光時無蛇紋，但是陰極燈絲長時間單方向發射電子，使得燈管壽命降低，本論文以類半橋轉換器作為換向電路，使電極交替發射電子來解決此一問題，同時在預熱時，能避免燈管兩端的跨壓，以消除燈管的熾熱放電電流。
最後本文以一T8-30W螢光燈之電子安定器進行試驗，經實驗測試得到令人滿意的結果。

Common dimming or nondimming electronic ballast configuration is base on resonant circuit. The resonant circuit component is dependant on the exact lamp, a function of the voltage and current, but age and ambient temperature are often the largest factor in degrading the performance of circuit.
This thesis proposes a dimming electronic ballast with constant power for fluorescent lamp base on flyback converter circuit configuration. The newest adaptation of the common electronic ballast is to replact the conventional resonant circuit with flyback converter. The circuit topology is operated at a fixed conversion frequency and with current mode control. Driven by dc current for fluorescent lamp are eliminate striation and snake-like circulation during dimming, but emitselectrons unilaterally from one end leading to decrease lamp lifetime. To solve this problem, an quasi-half bridge converter is integrated for commutation of the lamp electrodes. Due to zero voltage across the lamp, the glow-discharge current can be effectively eliminated during the preheating interval.
Circuit alalysis and experimental of the proposed circuit configuration are carried out on an electronic ballast for a T8-30W fluorescent lamp.
Keyword：flyback converter、dimming electronic ballast、striation、snake-like circulation、quasi-half bridge commutation、glow-discharge current

目 錄
摘要--------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------II
誌謝------------------------------------------------------III
目錄-------------------------------------------------------IV
圖表目錄---------------------------------------------------VI
第一章 簡介--------------------------------------------------1
1-1研究動機------------------------------------------1
1-2本文大綱------------------------------------------3
第二章 螢光燈與應用電路-------------------------------------5
2-1 螢光燈-------------------------------------------5
2-2 電磁式安定器------------------------------------12
2-2-1 I-V特性-----------------------------------14
2-2-2電子式啟動器------------------------------16
2-3 電子式安定器保護電路----------------------------18
2-3-1 點火失敗偵測-----------------------------18
2-3-2 整流偵測---------------------------------19
2-3-3 燈絲偵測---------------------------------21
2-3-4 漏氣偵測---------------------------------22
2-4 熾熱電流----------------------------------------23
2-5 蛇紋現象----------------------------------------24
2-6 燈絲Cut Off控制---------------------------------26
2-7 自激式電子安定器--------------------------------28
第三章 調光式電子安定器------------------------------------33
3-1 直流電壓調光------------------------------------33
3-2 頻率調光----------------------------------------37
3-3 截波調光----------------------------------------42
3-4 工作週期調光------------------------------------45
3-5 相位控制調光------------------------------------46
第四章 定功率調光式電子安定器------------------------------52
4-1 返馳式轉換器------------------------------------52
4-1-1返馳式轉換器連續模式----------------------54
4-4-2返馳式轉換器非連續模式--------------------58
4-2 Snubber電路-------------------------------------69
4-2-1 被動式RCD箝制電路-----------------------60
4-2-2 被動式TVS箝制電路-----------------------62
4-2-3 主動式箝制電路---------------------------63
4-3 論文架構----------------------------------------65
4-4 參數設計----------------------------------------70
第五章 電路測試--------------------------------------------75
5-1 測試電路---------------------------------------75
5-2 輝度與效率測試---------------------------------76
5-3 主繞組測試-------------------------------------78
5-4 閘極驅動測試-----------------------------------79
5-5 燈管調光測試-----------------------------------82
第六章 結論與未來研究方向----------------------------------84
6-1 結論--------------------------------------------84
6-2 未來研究方向------------------------------------85
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------86
作者簡介---------------------------------------------------97
圖表目錄
圖2-1 螢光燈構造--------------------------------------------7
圖2-2 螢光燈工作效率與有關參數的關係曲線--------------------9
(a) 發光效率與燈管長度--------------------------------8
(b) 發光效率與燈管直徑--------------------------------8
(c) 發光效率與燈管內壓力------------------------------9
(d) 發光效率與工作電流--------------------------------9
圖 2-3 螢光燈品質、成品、技術關係-----------------------------9
圖2-4 氣體放電伏安特性-------------------------------------11
圖2-5 湯生雪崩示意圖---------------------------------------12
圖2-6 常見電磁式安定器-------------------------------------14
(a) 抗流圈型-----------------------------------------14
(b) 升壓變壓器型-------------------------------------14
圖2-7 電磁式安定器起動燈管電壓燈絲電流波形-----------------15
(a)105V起動------------------------------------------15
(b)115V起動------------------------------------------15
圖2-8 電磁式安定器穩態燈管電壓電流波形---------------------15
圖2-9 東亞電子式啟動器-------------------------------------16
圖2-10 電磁式安定器電子起動器波形--------------------------17
(a) 燈管電壓與輸入電流------------------------------17
(b) 燈管電壓與燈絲電流------------------------------17
圖2-11 電流偵測--------------------------------------------19
圖2-12 整流燈管電壓電形------------------------------------20
圖2-13 燈管高低輝度兩端溫差--------------------------------20
圖2-14 整流燈管偵測----------------------------------------21
圖2-15 燈絲偵測--------------------------------------------22
圖2-16 燈管漏氣偵測----------------------------------------23
圖2-17 無熾熱電流預熱--------------------------------------24
圖2-18 兩種處理蛇紋現象方法--------------------------------25
(a) 微小電流法--------------------------------------25
(b) 諧波化法----------------------------------------25
圖2-19 23W自激式燈管電壓與燈絲電流-------------------------26
圖2-20 金緯Cut Off電路-------------------------------------27
圖2-21 燈管電壓與LC電路電流----------------------------28
(a) 燈管啟動----------------------------------------28
(b) 燈管運轉----------------------------------------28
圖2-22 自激式電子安定器------------------------------------29
(a) 型式一------------------------------------------29
(b) 型式二------------------------------------------29
圖 2-23 燈管穩態電壓電流理論波形---------------------------30
圖2-24 自激式電子安定器燈管電壓與電流----------------------31
(a) 啟動波形----------------------------------------31
(b) 運轉波形----------------------------------------31
圖2-25 天朗預熱型自激式電子安定器電路----------------------32
圖3-1 電壓調光方塊圖---------------------------------------35
圖3-2 自激式電子安定器電路---------------------------------35
圖3-3 自激式安定器實體電路---------------------------------35
圖3-4 變動直流電壓調光輝度及頻率關係-----------------------36
圖3-5 調頻調光方塊圖---------------------------------------39
圖3-6 OSRAM35/49/80W調光式電子安定器電路-----------------39
圖3-7 OSRAM調光式電子安定器驅動訊號----------------------41
(a) 預熱控制訊號波形---------------------------------40
(b) 高輝度控制訊號波形-------------------------------40
(c) 輝度降低控制訊號波形-----------------------------41
(d) 低輝度控制訊號波形-------------------------------41
圖3-8 TRIAC調光方塊圖-------------------------------------43
圖3-9 TRIAC調光電路---------------------------------------44
圖3-10 TRIAC調光實體電路----------------------------------44
圖3-11 燈功率輸出與相位關係圖------------------------------47
圖3-12 調相調光方塊圖--------------------------------------47
圖3-13 調相調光電路圖--------------------------------------48
圖3-14 調相調光實體電路------------------------------------48
圖3-15 調相調光輸入電壓電流理論波形------------------------49
圖3-16 調相調光半橋電壓與輸入電流--------------------------50
(a) 預熱--------------------------------------------49
(b) 高輝度------------------------------------------50
(c) 低輝度------------------------------------------50
圖3-17 調相調光訊號頻率輝度關係----------------------------51
圖4-1 返馳式PWM轉換器電路圖及主要工作波形------------------53
(a) 返馳式轉換器-------------------------------------53
(b) 電流連續工作波形---------------------------------53
(c) 電流非連續工作波形-------------------------------53
圖4-2 不同開關模式下等效電路-------------------------------54
(a) Q1導通--------------------------------------------54
(b) Q1關閉--------------------------------------------54
(c) Q1關閉，電流非連續---------------------------------54
圖4-3 RCD箝制電路-----------------------------------------61
圖4-4 TVS箝制電路------------------------------------------63
圖4-5 主動式箝制電路---------------------------------------64
圖4-6 定功率調光方塊圖-------------------------------------65
圖4-7 定功率調光式電子安定器架構---------------------------66
圖4-8 無熾熱電流預熱---------------------------------------67
圖4-9 交替換向運轉-----------------------------------------68
(a) 運轉狀態一---------------------------------------68
(b) 運轉狀態二---------------------------------------68
圖4-10 電路理論波形----------------------------------------70
(a) 主開關電壓與電流---------------------------------69
(b) 預熱管電壓燈絲電流-------------------------------69
(c) 高輝度燈管電壓電流-------------------------------70
(d) 低輝度燈管電壓電流-------------------------------70
圖4-11 SG6341內部方塊圖------------------------------------74
圖5-1 定功率調光式電子安定器電路---------------------------75
圖5-2 實體電路---------------------------------------------76
圖5-3 功率效率與輝度變動關係-------------------------------77
圖5-4 初級測試波形-----------------------------------------79
(a) 預熱---------------------------------------------78
(b) 高輝度運轉---------------------------------------79
(c) 低輝度運轉---------------------------------------79
圖5-5 閘極驅動波形-----------------------------------------81
(a) 啟動---------------------------------------------80
(b) 預熱---------------------------------------------80
(c) 高輝度-------------------------------------------81
(d) 低輝度-------------------------------------------81
(e) 運轉---------------------------------------------81
圖5-6 燈管電壓電流波形-------------------------------------83
(a) 預熱---------------------------------------------82
(b) 點火運轉-----------------------------------------82
(c) 高輝度-------------------------------------------83
(d) 低輝度-------------------------------------------83
表2-1 常見螢光物質------------------------------------------6
表4-1 SG6341腳位功能---------------------------------------72
表5-1 元件表-----------------------------------------------75

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