在現今許多的應用當中，大多使用數位訊號處理技術來處理所傳輸的資料，因此，在接收到的類比訊號級數位訊號處理系統間，就需要將類比訊號轉換成數位訊號的介面。由於近年來無線通訊系統和個人可攜式電子產品的成長，對於低功率的電路也有著不可或缺的需求。在許多種類的CMOS類比數位轉換器的架構中，由於管線式類比數位轉換器每一級的取樣保持電路如同快閃式類比數位轉換器一樣能同時動作，因此管線式類比數位轉換能達到高速的輸入性能和快速的處理能力。在本篇論文中，針對高速度的管線式類比數位轉換器做設計，並且在設計過程中盡可能的減低消耗功率。
在本篇論文中，使用了台積電0.18微米互補式金氧半製程設計與實現一個八位元，50MHz 取樣頻率的 CMOS 管線式類比數位轉換器，每一個階段為1.5 位元的解析度。根據模擬結果，整體電路在50 MHz 的取樣頻率下 SNR 為 48.81 dB，可達7.81位元的精確度，功率消耗為 105 mW。

Many of the applications nowadays utilize the digital signal processing (DSP) to resolve the transmitted information. Therefore, an analog to digital interface is required between the received analog signal and DSP system and portable consumer electronics, the demand for low-power integrated circuits is indispensable. In many types of CMOS analog to digital converter (ADC) architectures, a pipelined architecture can archive good dynamic range performances and the same throughput as the flash ADC due to the pipelined operation in each range. This thesis focuses on the high-speed design of pipelined ADC. In the meanwhile, we try to minimize the power dissipations as well.
In this thesis, an 8-bit 50MHz pipelined A/D converter, with 1.5-bit resolution per stage, has been successfully designed and implemented using the TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process. Simulation results show that the designed pipelined ADC can operate at 50MHz with 48.84dB signal- to- noise ratio – conforming to the 7.81-bit accuracy, and the estimated power dissipation is about 105 mw.

ABSTRACT i
中文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
章節目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 論文結構 2
第二章 中高速類比數位轉換器架構概論 3
2.1 簡介 3
2.2 理想類比數位轉換器(Ideal A/D Converter) 3
2.3.1 動態特性 5
2.3.2 靜態特性 9
2.4 高速類比數位轉換器之架構介紹 12
2.4.1快閃式類比數位轉換器(Flash analog to digital converter) 12
2.4.2兩階段式類比數位轉換器(Two step analog to digital converter) 14
2.4.3管線式類比數位轉換器(Pipeline analog to digital converter) 16
2.5 數位錯誤修正原理及1.5-bit管線式類比對數位轉換器 20
第三章 全差動運算放大器之設計 25
3.1簡介 25
3.2 運算放大器所需之規格 26
3.3 單級運算放大器 31
3.3.1伸縮式(Telescopic)運算放大器 31
3.3.2摺疊疊接式(Folded cascode)運算放大器 32
3.4 雙級式(Two stage)運算放大器 34
3.4.1雙級式(Gain Boosting Operation Amplifier) 38
第四章 管線式類比數位轉換器之分析與設計 40
4.1 簡介 40
4.2 開關式電容(Switched capacitor, SC)電路 40
4.2.1 MOS開關 40
4.2.2通道電荷注入效應(Charge injection) 43
4.2.3 時脈饋入效應(Clock feed-through) 46
4.3 前端取樣及保持電路(Sample and hold circuit，S/H) 47
4.4 子類比數位轉換器(Sub-ADC) 50
4.4.1比較器電路 50
4.4.2 1.5-bit子類比數位轉換器(sub-ADC) 53
4.4.3 2-bit類比數位轉換器 55
4.5 DAC/減法器/增益級(Multiplying DAC, MDAC) 56
4.6 時脈產生器(Clock Generator) 61
4.7 暫存器(Register) 62
4.8 加法器(Adder) 64
4.9 8-bit 管線式ADC模擬結果 67
第五章 結論與未來工作 72
參考文獻 73

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