跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.81) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/13 06:52
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:柯藹洵
研究生(外文):Ai-Shiun Ke
論文名稱:比較不同透析方式之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之風險差異
論文名稱(外文):A comparsion of the risk on acute myocardial infarction for different modalities of dialysis patients
指導教授:蔡文正蔡文正引用關係
指導教授(外文):Wen-Chen Tsai
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中國醫藥大學
系所名稱:醫務管理學研究所碩士班
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:醫管學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2010
畢業學年度:98
語文別:中文
論文頁數:81
中文關鍵詞:血液透析腹膜透析急性心肌梗塞
外文關鍵詞:hemodialysisperitoneal dialysisacute myocardial infarction
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:2
  • 點閱點閱:456
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
背景與目的:心血管疾病的罹患率及死亡率在各期腎臟疾病皆高,然而,目前針對不同透析方式之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞(AMI)之差異,尚未有一致的結論,且台灣鮮少探討慢性腎臟病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之文獻,因此,本研究將探討不同透析方式之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之風險差異。
方法:本研究屬回溯性緃貫性研究(Retrospective longitudinal study),以1998-2007年健保資料庫中初次接受血液透析及腹膜透析三個月以上之民眾為研究對象,本研究以當年度血液透析、腹膜透析的病人,利用性別、年齡為配對條件,將腹膜透析與血液透析以1:5配對(matching)後,得到研究樣本共計22,656人,其中血液透析佔83.33%(18,880人),腹膜透析佔16.67%(3,776人)。以Cox比例風險模型(Cox proportional hazards model),探討不同透析方式之病患是否罹患急性心肌梗塞之影響因素,並以風險危害比率(hazard ratio, HR)表示不同透析方式之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之危害程度。
結果:22,656位透析病患平均年齡為56.13±14.03歲,而有4.05%的血液透析病患有AMI;腹膜透析病患為1.27%罹患AMI。其透析病患每萬人口AMI之發生率,在1997-2007年間,由52人/萬人上升至179人/萬人,發生率成長244%。Cox比例風險模型分析顯示,「性別」、「病患年齡」、「投保金額」、「健保分區」、「醫療機構層級」、「醫療機構屬性」、「透析方式」、「糖尿病」、「高血壓」、「心律不整」、「腦血管疾病」及「心臟衰竭」為顯著影響透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之因素,其中血液透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞的相對風險為腹膜透析的2.77倍(95%CI:2.012-3.814)。在比較血液透析及腹膜透析罹患急性心肌梗塞之情形,透析第一年,血液透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞的機率約為0.012;腹膜透析約為0.004。透析第五年,血液透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞的機率約為0.079;腹膜透析約為0.032。透析第十年,血液透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞的機率約為0.212;腹膜透析約為0.107。
結論:長期接受血液透析之病患較腹膜透析病患有較高的風險罹患急性心肌梗塞。且隨著透析時間的增加,血液、腹膜透析之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之機率亦增加。


Objective:Patients in every stages of kidney disease have a higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease. However, there were inconsistent incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between the patients treated by different dialysis modalities. In addition, there were few studies about the dialysis patients who suffered from AMI in Taiwan. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the different incidence risk of AMI for the end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated by different dialysis modalities.
Method:The retrospective longitudinal study obtained data about patients treated by hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) for more than three months from the databases of National Health Insurance in 1997 to 2007. First, we matched the PD and HD patients with 1:5 by gender and age each year to obtain 22,656 patients undergoing dialysis therapy.
The number of HD patients was 18,880 (83.33%) compared with 3,776 (17.67%) PD patients. Then we used the Cox proportional hazards model to test the relative risk and associated factors with suffering from AMI in the different dialysis modality patients.
Result:The average age of patients in this study is 56.13 years old, and 4.05% HD patients and 1.27% PD patients suffered from AMI. The incident rate of the dialysis patients suffered from AMI increased 244% within 10 years, and it is from 52 per10, 000 patients in 1997 to 179 per 10,000 patients in 2007. Gender, age, premium-based salary, resident area, hospital level, hospital ownership, dialysis modality, diabetes, hypertension, arrhythmia, cerebral vascular disease, and congestive heart failure are associated factors with patients suffering from AMI. Especially, the relative risk of HD patients suffering from AMI is 2.77 times than PD patients (95% CI: 2.012-3.814). This study also found that the incident rate of AMI increased by the dialysis yearly. In the first year, the incident rates in HD and PD patients were 0.012 and 0.004. In the fifth year, the incident rates in HD and PD patients were 0.079 and 0.032., and in the tenth year, the incident rates were 0.212 and 0.107.
Conclusion:Patients receiving hemodialysis over a long period of time have a higher risk of AMI than patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. With the increase in dialysis time, both of HD and PD patients increased the incidence rate of AMI.

Keyword:hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, acute myocardial infarction


第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 慢性腎臟病之定義及替代療法 5
第二節 慢性腎臟病之現況與相關影響因子 7
第三節 急性心肌梗塞之定義及處理原則 10
第四節 冠狀動脈心臟疾病之罹患情形及危險因子 14
第五節 透析病患罹患心血管疾病之情形與風險因子 15
第六節 比較不同透析方式罹患心血管疾病及死亡率之差異 18
第三章 研究方法 20
第一節 研究架構 20
第二節 研究假設 21
第三節 研究對象 21
第四節 資料來源 21
第五節 操作型定義 23
第六節 資料分析 25
第四章 研究結果 27
第一節 研究對象之描述性分析 27
第二節 透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之發生率 33
第三節 透析病患有無急性心肌梗塞之差異分析 35
第四節 影響透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之影響因素 37
第五節 不同透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之情形 39
第五章 討論 52
第一節 透析病患人口學特質 52
第二節 不同透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之人口學特質 54
第三節 透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之發生率 56
第四節 透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之風險因子 57
第六章 結論與建議 63
第一節 結論 63
第二節 建議 64
第三節 研究限制 65
參考文獻 67
【英文文獻】 67
【中文文獻】 77


圖目錄
圖2-1 1997年-2007年台灣血液透析及腹膜透析人數之成長趨勢 8
圖3-1研究架構 20
圖4-4 不同透析方式之病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之Adjusted Cox survival 圖 51

表目錄
表3-1本研究使用之健保資料庫擷取欄位 22
表3-2研究變項之操作型定義及屬性 23
表3-2研究變項之操作型定義及屬性(續) 24
表4-1 1998-2007年新透析病患人口學特質分析 40
表4-2 1998-2007年不同透析方式病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之人口學特質分析 42
表4-3 1997-2007年透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之發生率 44
表4-4 1997-2007年血液透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之發生率 45
表4-5 1997-2007年腹膜透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之發生率 46
表4-6 1998-2007新透析病患特質與是否罹患急性心肌梗塞之差異分析 47
表4-7 1998-2007年透析病患罹患急性心肌梗塞之影響因素 49



【英文文獻】
Arora, P., Kausz, A. T., Obrador, G. T., Ruthazer, R., Khan, S., & Jenuleson, C. S. (2000). Hospital utilization among chronic dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol, 11,740-746.
Aronson, D., & Rayfield, E. J. (2002). How hyperglycemia promotes atherosclerosis: molecular mechanisms. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 8,1:1.
Agarwal, R., Nissenson, A. R., Batlle, D., Coyne, D. W., Trout, J. R., & Warnock, D. G. (2003). Prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension in chronic hemodialysis patients in the United States. Am J Med, 115,291-7.
Amann, K., Wanner, C., & Ritz, E. (2006). Cross-talk between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. J Am Soc Nephrol, 17,2112-2119.
Bagdade, J. D., Porte, D., & Bierman, E. L.(1968) Hypertriglyceridemia: A metabolic consequence of chronic renal failure. N Engi J Med, 279,181-185.
Bagdade, J. D., Casaretto, A., & Albers, J. (1976). Effects of chronic uremia hemodialysis and renal transplantation on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man. J Lab Clin Med, 87,37-48.
Bloembergen, W. E., Port, F. K., Mauger, E. A., & Wolfe, R. A. (1995). Acomparison of cause of death between patients treated with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol, 6,184-191.
Brochier, M. L., & Arwidson, P. (1998). Coronary heart disease risk factors in women. Eur Heart J, 19,45-52.
Bianchi, G. (2000). Hypertension in chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease patients treated with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 5,105-110.
Best, P. J., & Holmes, D. R. (2003). Chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am Heart J, 145,383-386.
Belani, S. S., Goldberg, A. C., & Coyne, D. W. (2004). Ability of non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and calculated intermediatedensity lipoprotein to identify nontraditional lipoprotein subclass risk factors in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis, 43,320-9.
Basta, G., Schmidt, A. M., & De Caterina, R. (2006). Advanced glycation end products and vascular inflammation: implications for accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res, 1,582-592.
Banerjee, D., Brincat, S., Gregson, H., Contreras, G., Streather, C., Oliveira, D., et al(2006). Pulse pressure and inhibition of renin–angiotensin system in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21,975–978.
Banerjee, D., Contreras, G., Jaraba, I., Carvalho, D., Ortega, L., Carvalho, C., et al (2009). Chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 and cardiovascular disease in the veterans affairs population. Int Urol Nephrol, 41,443-451.
Canziani, M. E., Cendoroglo, Neto. M., Saragoça, M. A., Cassiolato, J. L., Ramos, O. L., Ajzen, H., et al. (1995). Hemodialysis versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:Effect on the heart. Artif Organ, 19,241-244.
Culleton, B. F., & Wilson, P. W. (1998). Cardiovascular disease: risk factors, secular trends, and therapeutic guidelines. J Am Soc Nephrol, 9,5-15.
Chien, K. L., Lee, W. C., Sung, F. C., Lin, R. S. & Lee, Y. T. (1998). Sex Difference In The Mortality Trends Of Acute Myocardial Infarction In Taiwan, 1974 To 1993.
Culleton, B. F., Larson, M. G., Evans, J. C., Wilson, P. W., Barrett, B. J., Parfrey, P. S., et al. (1999a). Prevalence and correlates of elevated serum creatinine levels: the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Intern Med, 159,1785-1790.
Culleton B. F., Larson M. G., Wilson P. W., Evans J. C., Partrey P. S., & Levy D. (1999b). Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. Kidney Int, 56,2214-2219.
Chatoth, D. K., Golper, T. A., & Gokal, R. (1999). Morbidity and mortality in redefining adequacy of peritoneal dialysis: A step beyond the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative. Am J Kidney Dis, 33,617-632.
Collins, A. J., Li, S. L., Gilbertson, D. T., Liu, J., Chen, S. C., & Herzog, C. A. (2003). Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in the Medicare population. Kidney International, 64,24-31.
Chang, H., Cheng, M. A., & Das, S. (2004). Hospital ownership and operating efficiency: Evidence from Taiwan. European Journal of Operational Research, 159,513-527.
Cozzolino, M., Gallieni, M., & Brancaccio, D. (2006). Vascular Calcification in Uremic Conditions: New Insights into Pathogenesis. Semin Nephrol, 26,33-37.
Dawber, T.R. (1980). The Framingham Study: the epidemiology of atherosclerotic disease. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, 157-172.
De Groot K, Bahlmann, F. H., Sowa, J., Koenig, J., Menne, J., Haller, H., et al. (2004). Uremia causes endothelial progenitor cell deficiency. Kidney Int, 66,641-646.
Dasgupta, I., & Burden, R. (2005). Blood pressure control before and after starting dialysis. Nephron Clin Pract, 99,86–91.
Enia, G., Mallamaci, F., Benedetto, F. A., Panuccio, V., Parlongo, S., Cutrupi, S. et al. (2001). Long-term CAPD patients are volume expanded and display more severe left ventricular hypertrophy than haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 16,1459-1464.
Foley, R. N., Parfrey, P. S., Harnett, J. D., Kent, G. M., O''Dea, R., Murray, D. C., et al. (1998). Mode of dialysis therapy and mortality in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephro, 9,267-276.
Foley, R. N., &Collins, A. J. (2007) End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States: An Update from the United States Renal Data System. J Am Soc Nephrol, 18,2644-2648.
Go A. S., Chertow G. M., Fan, D., McCulloch C. E., & Hsu C. Y. (2004). Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospita1iztion (see comment). N Engl J Med, 351,1296-305.
Garg A. X., Clark W. F., Haynes R. B., & House A. A. (2002). Moderate renal insufficiency and the risk of cardiovascular mortality: results from the NHANES 1. Kidney Int, 61,1486-1494.
Ganesh, S. K., Hulbert-Shearon, T., Port, F. K., Eagle, K., & Stack, A. G. (2003). Mortality differences by dialysis modality among incident ESRD patients with and without coronary artery disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 14,415–424.
Goicoechea, M., Vinuesa, S. G., Campdera´, F. G., & Lun˜o J (2005). Predictive cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney International, 67,35-38 .
Guha, S., Ghosh, A., Chatterjee, N., Pal, S., Chatterjee, S., Deb, P. K., et al. (2005). Risk Factors for coronary heart disease in Indians: a case-control study from eastern India. Indian Heart J, 57,738-740.
His M. L., & Tsai J. C. (2004). Risk factors, symptoms, disease severity and quality of life among women with coronary artery disease. Taiwan J Med Sci, 40,63-82.
Haire, H. M., Sherrard, D. I., Scardapane, D., Curtis, F. K., & Brunzell, J. B. (1978). Smoking, hypertension and mortality in a maintenance dialysis population. cardiovasc med, 3,1163-1168.
Harnett, J. D., Foley, R. N., Kent, G. M., Barre, P. E., Murray, D., & Parfrey, P. S. (1995). Congestive heart failure in dialysis patients: prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors. Kidney Int, 47,884-890.
Herlitz, J., Bang, A., & Karlson, B. W. (1996). Five-year prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in relation to a history of hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 9,70-76.
Haffner, S. M., Miettinen, H., & Stern, M. R. (1997). Relatively more atherogenic coronary heart disease risk factors in prediabetic women than in prediabetic men. Diabetologia, 40:711-717.
Huff, N., Gray, D & Hampton, J. (1998). Acute myocardial infarction admissions to hospital and the socioeconomic environment in Nottingham Health District, UK. Coronay Health Care, 2,145-149.
Herzog, C. A., Ma, J. Z., & Collins, A. J. (1998). Poor long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction among patients on longterm dialysis. N Engl J Med, 339,799-805.
Hennekens, C.H. (2000). Clinical and research challenge in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J, 21,1917-1921.
Huang, C. C., Chen, Y. M., & Taiwan Society of Nephrology. (2007). Taiwan renal registry - 2004 annual data report. Acta Nephrologica, 21,285-98.
Kasiske, B. L., Guijarro, C., Massy, Z. A., Wiederkehr, M. R., & Ma, J. Z. (1996). Cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol, 7,158-165.
Kasiske, B. L., Maclean, J. R., & Snyder, J. J. (2006). Acute myocardial infarction and kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol, 17,900-907.
Kronenberg, F., Konig, P., Neyer, U., Auinger, M., Pribasnig, A., Lang, U. et al. (1995). Multicenter study of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol, 6,110-120.
Klassen, P. S., Lowrie, E. G., Reddan, D. N., DeLong, E. R., Coladonato, J. A., Szczech, L. A. et al. (2002). Association between pulse pressure and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. JAMA, 287,1548–1555.
Kuo, H. W., Tsai, S. S., Tiao, M. M., & Yang, C. Y. (2007). Epidemiological features of CKD in Taiwan. Am J Kidney Dis, 49,46-55.
London, G. M., & Guerin, A. (1999). Influence of arterial pulse and reflective waves on systolic blood pressure and cardiac function. J Hypertens Suppl, 17,S3–S6.
Locatelli, F., Marcelli, D., Conte, F., D ‘Amico, M., Vecchio, L. D., Limido, A., et al. (2001). Survival and Development of Cardiovascular Disease by Modality of Treatment in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 12,2411–2417.
Lysaght, M. J. (2002). Maintenance dialysis population dynamics: current trends and long-term implications. J Am Soc Nephrol, 13,37-40.
Legato, M. J., Gelzer, A., Goland, R., Ebner, S. A., Rajan, S., Villagra, V., et al. (2006). Gender-specific care of the patient with diabetes: review and recommendations. Gend Med, 3,131-158.
Lanas, F., Avezum, A., Bautista, L. E., Diaz, R., Luna, M., Islam, S. et al. (2007). Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Latin America: the INTERHEART Latin American study. Circulation, 115, 1067-1074.
Manjunath, G., Tighiouart, H., Ibrahim, H., MacLeod, B., Salem, D. N., Griffith, J.L., et al.(2003). Level of kidney function as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community. J Am Coll Cardiology, 41,47-55.
Mallick, N. P., & Gokal, R. (1999). Haemodialysis. Lancet, 353,737-742.
McKay, N. L., Deily, M. E., & Dorner, F. H. (2003). Ownership and changes in hospital inefficiency,1986-1991.Inquiry, 39,388-399.
National Kidney Foundation. (2002). K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification and Stratification. Am J Kidney Dis, 39,S1–S266.
National Kidney Foundation. (2003). Clinical practice guidelines for managing dyslipidemias in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 41,S8–S91.
Nanda, N., Sen, S. K., Arokiaraj, M. C., Sripradha, R., Roma, R., & Pattegar, K. (2009). Myocardial infarction in nondiabetic and prediabetic population: a retrospective analysis. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 53,334-340.
Ninomiya, T., Kiyohara, Y., Kubo, M., Tanizaki, Y., Tanaka, K., Okubo, K, et al. (2004). Hyperhomocysteinemia and the development of chronic kidney disease in a general population: the Hisayama study. Am J Kidney Dis, 44,437-445.
Oberg, B. P., McMenamin, E., Lucas, F. L., McMonagle, E., Morrow, J., Ikizler, T.A., et al. (2004). Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 65,1009-1016.
Oda, E., Abe, M., Kato, K., Watanabe, K., Veeraveedu, P. T., & Aizawa, Y. (2006). Gender differences in correlations among cardiovascular risk factors. Gend Med, 3,196-205.
Pirauos, A. M., Weightman, D., Goldfinch, M., Aljama, P., & Kerr, DNS. (1978). Hyperlipidemia of regular hemodialysis and successful transplantation. Cardiovasc Med, 3,185-206.
Parfrey, P. S., Foley, R. N., Harnett, J. D. Kent, G. M., Murray, D., & Barre, P. E. (1996). Outcome and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in chronic uremia. Kidney Int , 49,1428-1434.
Prescott, E., Hippe, M., Schnohr, P., Hein, H, O., & Vestbo, J. (1998). Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ, 316,1043-1047.
Rostand, R. G., Gretes, J. C., & Kirk, K. A. (1979). Ischemic heart disease in patients with uremia undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Kidney Int, 16,600-612.
Rocco, M. V., Soucie, J. M., Reboussin, D. M., & McClellan, W. M. (1996). Risk factors for hospital utilization in chronic dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol, 7,889-896.
Ritz, E., & McClellan, W. M. (2004). Overview: Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with minor renal dysfunction: An emerging issue with far-reaching consequences. J Am Soc Nephrol, 15,513-516.
Ritz, E. (2005). The clinical management of hyperphosphatemia. J Nephrol, 218,221-228.
Roberts, M. A., Hare, D. L., Ratnaike, S., Lerino, F. L. (2006). Cardiovascular biomarkers in CKD: pathophysiology and implications for clinical management of cardiac disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 48,341-360.
Rumana, N., Kita, Y., Turin, T. C., Murakami, Y., Sugihara, H., Morita, Y. (2008). Trend of increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese population: Takashima AMI Registry, 1990-2001. Am J Epidemiol, 167,1358-1364.
Stack, A. G., Molony, D. A., Rahman, N. S., Dosekun, A., & Murthy, B. (2003). Impact of dialysis modality on survival of new ESRD patients with congestive heart failure in the United States. Kidney Int, 64,1071-1079.
Stephen, G. R., Katharine, A. K., & Edwin, A. R. (1982). Relationship of coronary risk factors to hemodialysis-associated ischemic heart disease. Kidney International, 22,304-308.
Stenvinkel, P., Wang, K., Qureshi, A. R., Axelsson, J., Pecoits-Filho, R., Gao, P., et al. (2005). Low fetuin-A levels are associated with cardiovascular death: Impact of variations in the gene encoding fetuin. Kidney Int, 67,2383-2392.
Stenvinkel, P., Heimbürger, O., Paultre, F., Diczfalusy, U., Wang, T., Berglund, L., et al. (1999). Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int, 55,1899-1911.
Takeda, K., Nakamoto, M., Hirakata, H., Baba, M., Kubo, M., & Fujishima, M. (1998). Disadvantage of longterm CAPD for preserving cardiac performance: an echocardiographic study. Am J Kidney Dis, 32,482-448.
Tozawa, M., Iseki, K., Iseki, C., & Takishita, S. (2002). Pulse pressure and risk of total mortality and cardiovascular events in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int, 61:717–726.
Wase, A,, Basit, A., Nazir, R., Jamal, A., Shah, S., Khan, T., et al. (2004). Impact of chronic kidney disease upon survival among implantable cardioverterdefibrillator recipients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 1,199-204.
Sosnov, J., Lessard, D., Goldberg, R. J., Yarzebski, J., & Gore, J. M.(2006). Differential symptoms of acute myocardial infarction in patients with kidney disease: a community-wide perspective. Am J Kidney Dis, 47,378-84.
nstall-Pedoe, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Rajakangas, A.M., Pajak, A. (1994). Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and casefatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation, 90,583-612.
Yoshida, M., Kita, Y., Nakamura, Y., Nozaki, A., Okayama, A., Sugihara, H., et al. (2005). Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Takashima, Shiga, Japan. Circ J, 69,404-408.
Sigrist, M., Bungay, P., Taal, M. W., & McIntyre, C. W. (2006). Vascular calcification and cardiovascular function in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21,707-714.
Trespalacios, F. C., Taylor, A. J., Agodoa, L. Y., Bakris, G. L., & Abbott, K. C. (2003). Heart failure as a cause for hospitalization in chronic dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis, 41,1267-1277.
Takeda, K., Nakamoto, M., Hirakata, H., BABA, M., & KUBO, M. (1998) FUJISHIMA M: Disadvantage of longterm CAPD for preserving cardiac performance: an echocardiographic study. Am J Kidney Dis, 32,482–487.
Hamburger, R. J., Christ, P. G., Morris, P. A., & Luft, F. C. (1989). Hypertension in dialysis patients: does CAPD provide an advantage? Adv Perit Dial, 5,91-96.
Hung, S. Y., Liou, H. H., Ger, L. P., Chen, L. K., Liu, M. C., Chung, H. M., et al. (2008). Novel Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Acta Nephrologica, 22,97-104.
Van Biesen W, Vanholder, R. C., Veys, N., Dhondt, A., & Lameire, N. H. (2000). An evaluation of an integrative care approach for end-stage renal disease patients. J Am Soc Nephrol, 11,116-125.
Vonesh, E. F., Snyder, J. J., Foley, R. N., & Collins, A. J. (2004). The differential impact of risk factors on mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int, 66,2389-2401.
Wu, G. (1983). Cardiovascular deaths among CAPD patients. Perit Dial Bull, 157,40-44.
Weiner, D. E., Tighiouart, H., Amin, M. G., Stark, P. C., Macleod, B., Griffith, J. L., et al. (2004). Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of Community-Based Studies. J Am Soc Nephrol, 15,1307-1315.
Wang,Y. M., Wang, M., Woo, J., Lam, W. K., Li, K. T., Lui, SF., et al. (2003). Cardiac valve calcification as an important predictor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients: A prospective study. J Am Soc Nephrol, 13,159-68.
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Dans, T., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., et al. (2004). Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 17,937-952.
Wu, G. (1983). Cardiovascular deaths among CAPD patients. Perit Dial Bull, 157,40-44.
Wen, C. P., Cheng, T. Y. D. Tsai, M. K., Chang, Y. C., Chan, H. T., Tsai, S. P. et al. (2008). All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on 462 293 adults in Taiwan. Lancet, 371,2173-2182.
Xue, J. L., Ma, J. Z., Louis, T. A., & Collins, A. J. (2001). Forecast of the number of patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States to the year 2010. J Am Soc Nephrol, 12,2753-2758.
American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Disease Statistics. May. 31, 2010 Access: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4478
American Heart Association, Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease. May. 31, 2010 Access: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4726
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Major cardiovascular diseases, mortality. Aug. 6, 2009 Access: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/cdi/IndDefinition.aspx?IndicatorDefinitionID=59
National Kidney Foundation, Stages of CKD. Aug. 6, 2009 Access:
http://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/ckd/knowGFR.cfm
Framingham Heart Study, Risk Score Profiles, General Cardiovascular Disease(10-year rish). May. 26, 2010 Access: http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/gencardio.html
WHO > Programmes and projects > Media centre > Fact sheets, Cardiovascular diseases. Oct. 15, 2009 Access:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.html
WHO > Programmes and projects > Cardiovascular disease > CVD prevention and control: missed opportunities. Oct. 15, 2009 Access:
http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/prevention_control/en/i
ndex.html
United States Renal Data System, US RDS . 2008 report. Retrieved Oct. 15, 2009 Access:
http://www.usrds.org/adr.htm
United States Renal Data System, US RDS . 2009 report,Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Retrieved Apr. 8, 2010 Access:
http://www.usrds.org/2009/pdf/V1_06_09.PDF
United States Renal Data System, US RDS . 2009 report, International comparisons. Retrieved Apr. 8, 2010 Access:
http://www.usrds.org/2009/pdf/V2_12_09.PDF
United States Renal Data System, US RDS . 2009 report, Incidence & prevalence. Retrieved Apr. 8, 2010 Access:
http://www.usrds.org/2009/pdf/V2_02_INC_PREV_09.PDF

【中文文獻】
台灣腎臟基金會(2007),96年度台灣地區透析總人數,2009年7月30日,取自:http://www.kidney.org.tw/a96.gif
行政院衛生署,2007年統計動向,參、醫療保健,四、醫療利用, (九) CCS制疾病別分析。2009年8月2日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=72296
行政院衛生署,2007年統計動向,參、醫療保健,四、醫療利用,(十)重大傷病—門診。2009年8月2日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=72297
行政院衛生署,2007年統計動向,參、醫療保健,四、醫療利用,(十一)重大傷病—住院。2009年8月2日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=72298
行政院衛生署,2007年統計動向,參、醫療保健,五、醫療服務品質,(三)門診透析指標。2009年8月2日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=72301
行政院衛生署,衛生統計系列(一)死因統計,上卷,97年度死因統計。2009年11月28日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2_p02.aspx?class_no=440&now_fod_list_no=10642&level_no=3&doc_no=73104。
行政院衛生署,統計公布欄,全民健康保險統計。2010年03月02日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=9519&class_no=440&level_no=1。
行政院主計處,出版品,統計電子書,家庭收支調查。2010年03月01日,取自:http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=19882&CtNode=3101&mp=1。
中央健保局,2009,各部門總額/門診透析/其他預算執行成果報告。
行政院衛生署,衛生統計系列(四)全民健康保險醫療統計,96年度全民健康保險醫療統計年報,表二、門、住診合計患者人數統計 ---- 按性別及年齡別分。2009年9月29日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DisplayStatisticFile.aspx?d=69386&s=1
行政院衛生署國民健康局,國民健康調查系列,主題文章,民國91年台灣地區國民健康促進知識、態度與行為調查_成果報告。2010年04月25日,取自:http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/Them_Show.aspx?Subject=200712270001&Class=2&No=200712270004
行政院衛生署國民健康局,健康主題專區,高血脂紅色通緝令。2010年04月25日,取自:http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/BHPnet/Portal/file/ThemeULFile/20070820300000004/0001.pdf
行政院衛生署國健局,健康指標查詢,國民健康調查。2010年04月25日,取自:http://olap.bhp.doh.gov.tw/Search/search3.aspx?menu=1&mode=1&year=94&areaId=&areaValue=&addType=&TarId=154&NL=1&mid=3
林裕峯(2009),台灣腎臟病現況及未來。2010年4月25日,取自:http://www.doh.gov.tw/ufile/doc/151次-台灣透析現況及未來方針.pdf
陳世能(2001)醫院生產力變之研究-無母數Malmquist指數之應用。健康經濟學讀書會研討論文。2010年05月05日,取自:http://www.ba.ncku.edu.tw/stuff/teacher/yong/zhe/HI_RESEARCH/sinica_paper/c005.doc
台大醫院醫師合著(2006)。急性冠心症-論點與實證。台北縣:金名。
張碧玉(2001)。影響末期腎臟疾病患者血液透析醫療費用之風險因子探討。高雄學大學碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
洪世育(2008)。台灣地區2000-2004年冠心病疾病率分析。慈濟大學碩士論文,未出版,花蓮市。
彭徐毅(2009)。台灣地區急性心肌梗塞病患的醫療利用與30 天致死率的性別差異。慈濟大學碩士論文,未出版,花蓮市。
黃尚志、楊五常、陳秀熙、台灣腎臟醫學會透析評估委員(2001)台灣地區八十八至八十九年度透析報告。腎臟醫學會,14(4),139-224。
吳肖琪、黃麟珠、雷秀麗、吳義勇(2004)從健保透析申報資料定義並分析國內慢性腎衰竭病患透析情形。台灣衛誌,23(5),419-427。
王守玠、楊得政(2007)慢性腎臟病患者常見之心血管疾病。腎臟與透析,19(2),89-94。
王舒民、楊雅斐、黃秋錦(2007)慢性腎臟病與高血壓。腎臟與透析,19(2),64-70。
李志偉、吳英黛、施教諭、王志鴻、王豊裕、謝仁哲(2007)東台灣男性急性心肌梗塞患者之危險因子。台灣醫學,12(2),143-151。
陳建仁(2005)。流行病學:原理與方法。台北:聯經出版事業股份有限公司。
陳冠群(2008)。漫談心臟疾病(突發性心臟病、自救篇)。台電月刊,42-46。
楊五常、黃尚志、陳永銘(2004)。九十年度台灣地區慢性腎衰竭登錄系統及照護品質指標。台腎醫誌,18(1),1-52。
蔡文生、林石化、朱柏齡、林裕峰(2006)腹膜透析病患之心臟血管疾病。腎臟與透析,18(1),15-18。
羅紀琼、石淦生、陳國樑(1996)醫院效率之衡量-DEA方法之應用。經濟論文,24,375-396。
李文福、王媛慧(1998)台灣地區公私立醫學中心與區域醫院生產力變動之研究-無母數Malmquist指數之應用。經濟論文,26(3),243-269。


QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top