臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

民居類型呈現一致卻又多樣的面貌，歸因於民居類型具備衍生特
質。本研究以編碼系統為工具，分析馬來半島民居類型的衍生，歸納
成類型規則系統。規則系統可以描述馬來半島的所有民居案例，經由
規則系統的衍生分析，可以發現馬來民居的發展潛力。
馬來半島民居是一種以主屋為基礎的屋群組合，作為單一家庭的
居住使用。以干闌民居原型為起點，本研究發現兩種馬來民居基型：
Serambi-house 與 Jemuran-house、多種虛體與實體的衍生現象、與諸
多民居案例。從原型到民居案例，由編碼系統進行解析。
編碼系統是衍生分析的工具，在空間、屋群組合與構造三個研究
面向，釐清其構成元素與構成關係，建立嚴謹的描述語言，以便於
衍生的書寫或運算。
由編碼系統之分析，可以理解Serambi-house 基型的空間配置以前
後排列為主，Jemuran-house 基型的空間配置以左右並列為主。屋群
組合的主屋、次屋與附加體之構成關係有附著、相鄰與分離三種。
構造系統由單屋與附加體組成。單屋構造有二種，一是橋構造，一
是箱構造，發展成六種支撐系統；附加體構造有四類：(單屋面)附加
體、附加屋、附加廊、與附加平台，總計二十一種附加構法，擔負
規模擴充與連結屋群的任務。
對每個民居案例進行案例編碼，由屋群組合編碼、空間編碼、構造
編碼組成。編碼旨在描述元素及其構成關係，此外之重要資料以「設
定值」另列。所有案例經編碼後，概分為九個組群，每個組群內的案
例編碼大致相同，兼具局部差異。比較各組群案例與其編碼，歸納成
類型規則系統。
類型規則系統有四個主規則：1.「空間規則」下轄Serambi-house
空間規則與Jemuran-house 空間規則。2.「主屋形成規則」由單屋附
加、多屋鄰接、單屋轉折三個子規則組成。3.「屋群組合規則」由主
次屋相離、主次屋相鄰、主屋附加次屋三個子規則組成。4.「構造規
則」由單屋構造與附加體構造規則組成。
每個民居案例均可由一組類型規則組合予以描述，民居類型的地
區風格可由不同的類型規則組合予以表達。馬來半島的整體民居體
系亦可由類型規則作精要描述。
規則系統是一種生成機制，具備民居類型的成長內涵與衍生潛
力。為探討馬來民居類型的涵容性，以潛力釋放進行屋群組合的潛
力分析，將類型規則解構與重組，獲得屋群組合大量的可能性；同
時衍生新的、多樣的空間格局。以規則轉化進行構造系統的潛力分
析，發掘單屋構造與附加體構造的發展潛力與限制。討論馬來民居
之構造體系可以三個層面觀察：構造觀念是否為水平轉換系統、構
造系統是否可以平行施工、與施工執行是否得當，從而獲得馬來民
居構造再發展的契機。
衍生是一種內在機制，民居類型可衍生無窮的可能。演化是一種
外在條件的選擇，對於所有的衍生可能進行「選擇」。演化的動力是
「調適」，涉及社會、文化、地理、氣候等因素。本研究過程中可觀
看到完整的森美蘭民居類型演化實例與不完整的吉蘭丹民居類型演
化實例，亦可理解民居類型衍生能力與構造因素成為民居類型基因。

House types generate unanimous but diversified forms. This study,
with a coding system, analyzed the generations of Malay houses in
Peninsula Malaysia and generalized a typological rule system. The rule
system can describe all cases of Malay houses. The generative analysis of
the rule system will discover the potentials of the differing types of
Malay houses.
The typical Malay house type is a house group developed from the
main house for the use of one family. Based on the archetype of a stilt
house, two basic types of Malay houses, Serambi-house and
Jemuran-house, were found, and so were the generative phenomenon of
architectural void and solid, and a large amount of house cases.
Generative analysis proceeded with a coding system from archetypes to
house cases.
Generative analysis was made by a coding system, which included
spatial coding, house grouping coding and construction coding. The
coding system clarified the constructive elements and constructive
relations among elements, and helped build a serious descriptive
language, convenient for the generative writing and computation.
By looking at the analysis with the coding system, the spatial layout of
the Serambi-house was known as alignment from front to back, and that
of the Jemuran-house as juxtaposition from left side to right side. The
constructive relations of house grouping, main house, sub-house and
encroachments, were attached, excluded, and adjacent. The construction
system of Malay houses was composed of houses and encroached
construction. House construction could be understood as bridge
construction and box construction which developed into six supporting
systems. Four encroached constructions, which were the encroached
semi-house, encroached house, encroached corridor, and encroached
platform, developed into 21 kinds of encroached constructions which
extended the house scale and connected the house grouping.
Every house case was encoded into house grouping, space, and
construction. Besides the encoded constructive elements and relations,
other important data of the house cases were listed separately as
specifiers. All of the encoded Malay house cases were then classified into
nine groups, of which the house cases contained the same coding with
tiny differences. A typological rule system was generalized from the
coding of nine Malay house groups.
The typological rule system included four main rules:
1. “Rule of Space” contained “Rule of Serambi-house space” and “Rule
of Jemuran-house space”. 2. “Rule of the Formation of Main house”
contained “Rule of House with Encroachment”, “Rule of Adjacent
Multi-house”, and “Rule of 90o-angle-turned House”. 3. “Rule of House
Grouping” contained “Rule of Exclusion”, “Rule of Adjacency”, and
“Rule of Attachment”. 4. “Rule of Construction” contained “Rule of
House Construction” and “Rule of Encroachment Construction”.
The local style of house types in different regions may be presented by
a set of typological rules, which include Rule 1 to Rule 4. The typological
rule system can also concisely describe the whole family of Malay house
types in Peninsula Malaysia.
The typological rule system was a generative mechanism with a
growing potential. The rule of house grouping, through potential release,
was deconstructed and reconstructed to reveal the containment of Malay
house types, which could produce large amounts of new house groupings
and new spatial layouts. The rule of construction, through transformation
of the rules, was analyzed to discover the potential and limitation of
house and encroachment constructions.
Generation was an internal mechanism, with which a house type could
generate limitless possibilities. Evolution was an external selection,
which selected all the generated possibilities. Evolution was driven by
adaptability, related to the factors of society, culture, geography, climate,
etc. This study has observed a complete evolution of Malay house types
in Negeri Sembilan, as well as an incomplete evolution in Kelantan.
Generative capability and construction were found to be the typological
genes of house types in this study.

第一章 干闌形式與馬來民居
第一節 研究目標
一、干闌式民居研究
二、民居研究的新方式
第二節 相關研究
一、建築類型研究
二、民居類型研究
三、馬來民居研究
第三節 馬來民居概述
一、地理與歷史
二、馬來村落(kampung)
三、馬來民居
第二章 方法及編碼
第一節 研究流程
一、研究材料
二、研究方法與流程
第二節 方法模型
一、原型：高架之屋
二、兩種基型：
Serambi-house & jemuran-house
三、虛體：空間與屋群組合
四、實體：附加建築
五、實體：兩種房屋構造概念
_橋(bridge)、箱(box)
第三節 類型編碼
一、空間編碼
二、屋群編碼
三、構造編碼
第三章 類型規則系統
第一節 類型案例編碼
一、編碼原則
二、案例編碼
第二節 地區民居類型分析
一、中部民居
二、中北部民居
三、南部民居
四、西北部民居
五、西北部民居(檳城)
六、東北部民居(Jemuran-house)
七、東北部民居(Serambi-house)
八、東北部民居(with selasar)
九、其他
第三節 類型規則系統
一、規則的意義
二、類型規則系統
三、類型規則與地區風格
第四章 規則衍生及潛力分析
第一節 釋放與轉化
一、潛力釋放
二、規則轉化
第二節 馬來民居潛力分析
一、屋群組合潛力分析
二、空間配置潛力分析
三、單屋(Ho)的構造潛力分析
四、附加體(Es)的構造潛力分析
第三節 潛力分析討論
一、論構造體系
二、論單屋(Ho)
三、論附加體(Es)
四、論屋群組合與構造觀念
_衍生潛力的機會
第五章 類型與演化
第一節 馬來民居類型研究
_階段性結論
一、編碼系統的使用
二、類型規則系統的弁�
三、類型潛力的意涵
第二節 馬來民居類型的演化議題
_後續研究
一、本研究中的演化訊息
二、空間與構造的交互影響
三、類型衍生能力作為民居類型基因
四、構造作為民居類型基因
五、干闌式民居類型地圖
參考文獻
附錄一：2005~2008 年馬來半島
(含蘇門答臘島)民居考察路線圖
附錄二：KALAM(UTM)測繪案例
的圖面與編碼
附錄三：馬來半島民居考察案例

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