臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自從美國三哩島(Three Mile Island)事故發生以來，核能工業界逐漸開始重視核能電廠引起之嚴重事故，並以美國電力研究所(Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI)主導並委託Fauske and Associates, Inc. (FAI)公司開發的嚴重事故分析程式(Modular Accident Analysis Program, MAAP)進行核能安全嚴重事故分析。
MAAP程式最新版本MAAP5雖然已開發完成，但在事故分析上大多仍使用舊版MAAP4.0.4，使用新版MAAP5進行電廠相關分析者不多；有鑑於此，本研究將使用MAAP5進行電廠嚴重事故分析，分析之個案為參照龍門電廠終期安全分析報告所描述之電廠全黑事故SBRC-PF-R-N與單純飼水大破口冷卻水流失事故。
本研究將對此兩事故進行分析並加入緊急操作程序書之救援動作，亦即加入冷卻水注水系統，並延遲其注水時間，進行注水時間之靈敏度分析，藉以探討冷卻水注水時間對爐心之影響，期許能提供電廠對於冷卻水注水策略之相關資訊。

Subsequent to the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident, the nuclear industry has paid much attention to severe nuclear accident evaluation, and the evaluation was carried out by using the Modular Accident Analysis Program (MAAP) developed by Fauske & Associates, Inc. (FAI). It is noted that MAAP has been used by the nuclear industry as the tool to determine the accident scenarios under postulated severe accident conditions.
The development of the latest MAAP5 version has been completed and the code was released recently; until recently most of severe nuclear accident analyses have been simulated by MAAP4.0.4 version. Studies presenting the results of simulation by MAAP5 have occurred only recently; therefore, the purpose of this study was to use MAAP5 to simulate the severe accident scenarios in the hope to add the evaluation results to the technical literature.
The following accident scenarios were used as representative cases and were based on the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) of Lung-Men Nuclear Power Plant (LMNPP), and the accident scenarios were SBRC-PF-R-N and LOCA with break in feedwater line, namely, Station Blackout (SBO) and Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA).
This study was intended to analyze two representative severe accident scenarios with Emergency Operation Procedures (EOPs) and to discuss the influence of injection delay with AC-Independent Water Addition (ACIWA) and High Pressure Core Flooder (HPCF) on the behaviors of the core, reactor pressure vessel, and hydrogen generation. It was hoped that the strategy of coolant injection could provide useful information for the plant staff in responding to the postulated severe accidents.

目錄

摘要................................................................................................................................I
Abstract.........................................................................................................................II
致謝............................................................................................................................IV
目錄............................................................................................................................VI
圖目錄.........................................................................................................................IX
表目錄.......................................................................................................................XX
第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................1
1.1 前言..........................................................................................................1
1.2 研究動機..................................................................................................2
1.3 文獻回顧..................................................................................................3
第二章 龍門電廠之介紹............................................................................................ 7
2.1 電廠簡介...................................................................................................7
2.2 反應器廠房內部簡介...............................................................................8
2.3 緊急爐心冷卻系統簡介.........................................................................12
2.4 緊急操作程序書簡介.............................................................................18
第三章 MAAP程式介紹..........................................................................................21
3.1 程式發展過程.........................................................................................21
3.2 MAAP程式模擬之操作.........................................................................22
3.3 輸入檔案之準備.....................................................................................23
第四章 穩態模擬.......................................................................................................28
4.1 前言.........................................................................................................28
4.2 MAAP5初始設定...................................................................................28
4.3 穩態模擬個案分析.................................................................................28
第五章 電廠全黑事故...............................................................................................38
5.1 前言.........................................................................................................38
5.2 電廠全黑事故模擬.................................................................................39
5.2.1 SBRC-PF-R-N個案設定.........................................................39
5.2.2 SBRC-PF-R-N個案分析.........................................................40
5.3 電廠全黑事故模擬-加入緊急操作程序書...........................................56
5.3.1 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP個案設定................................................56
5.3.2 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP個案一分析............................................57
5.3.3 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP個案二分析............................................71
5.3.4 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP個案三分析............................................83
5.3.5 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP個案四分析............................................95
5.4 電廠全黑事故模擬-討論.....................................................................106
第六章 冷卻水流失事故.........................................................................................109
6.1 前言.......................................................................................................109
6.2 冷卻水流失事故模擬............................................................................110
6.2.1 LOCA個案設定....................................................................110
6.2.2 LOCA個案分析.....................................................................111
6.3 冷卻水流失事故模擬-加入緊急操作程序書.....................................124
6.3.1 LOCA-EOP個案設定...........................................................124
6.3.2 LOCA-EOP個案一分析.......................................................125
6.3.3 LOCA-EOP個案二分析.......................................................139
6.3.4 LOCA-EOP個案三分析.......................................................152
6.4 冷卻水流失事故模擬-討論.................................................................165
第七章 結論與未來展望.........................................................................................167
7.1 結論.......................................................................................................167
7.2 未來展望...............................................................................................168
參考文獻...................................................................................................................170
簡歷...........................................................................................................................173









圖目錄

圖2.1 圍阻體簡圖......................................................................................................14
圖2.2 反應爐內水流循環圖......................................................................................15
圖2.3 反應爐壓力槽構造與內部組件......................................................................16
圖2.4 緊急爐心冷卻系統..........................................................................................17
圖3.1 MAAP5程式執行介面.....................................................................................27
圖3.2 XYPlot2圖形輸出介面....................................................................................27
圖4.1 反應爐主系統壓力..........................................................................................31
圖4.2 反應爐爐心功率..............................................................................................31
圖4.3 反應爐爐心水位..............................................................................................32
圖4.4 反應爐爐心平均溫度......................................................................................32
圖4.5 下乾井區壓力..................................................................................................33
圖4.6 下乾井區氣體溫度..........................................................................................33
圖4.7 抑壓池區水位高度..........................................................................................34
圖4.8 上乾井區壓力..................................................................................................34
圖4.9 上乾井區氣體溫度..........................................................................................35
圖4.10 抑壓池區壓力................................................................................................35
圖4.11 抑壓池區水溫................................................................................................36
圖4.12 惰性氣體外釋率............................................................................................36
圖4.13 CsI外釋率.......................................................................................................37
圖4.14 CsOH外釋率..................................................................................................37
圖5.1.1 反應爐主系統壓力.......................................................................................45
圖5.1.2 反應爐爐心功率...........................................................................................45
圖5.1.3 反應爐爐心水位...........................................................................................46
圖5.1.4 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量...............................................................................46
圖5.1.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................47
圖5.1.6 低壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................47
圖5.1.7 消防水流量...................................................................................................48
圖5.1.8 反應爐爐心平均溫度...................................................................................48
圖5.1.9 反應爐爐心氫氣量.......................................................................................49
圖5.1.10 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................49
圖5.1.11 反應爐底部熔融物質量.............................................................................50
圖5.1.12 下乾井區壓力.............................................................................................50
圖5.1.13 下乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................51
圖5.1.14 抑壓池水位高度.........................................................................................51
圖5.1.15 上乾井區壓力.............................................................................................52
圖5.1.16 上乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................52
圖5.1.17 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................53
圖5.1.18 抑壓池區氣體溫度.....................................................................................53
圖5.1.19 抑壓池區水溫.............................................................................................54
圖5.1.20 惰性氣體外釋率.........................................................................................54
圖5.1.21 CsI外釋率....................................................................................................55
圖5.1.22 CsOH外釋率...............................................................................................55
圖5.2.1 反應爐主系統壓力.......................................................................................61
圖5.2.2 反應爐爐心功率...........................................................................................61
圖5.2.3 反應爐爐心水位...........................................................................................62
圖5.2.4 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量...............................................................................62
圖5.2.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................63
圖5.2.6 低壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................63
圖5.2.7 消防水流量...................................................................................................64
圖5.2.8 反應爐爐心平均溫度...................................................................................64
圖5.2.9 反應爐爐心氫氣量.......................................................................................65
圖5.2.10 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................65
圖5.2.11 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................66
圖5.2.12 抑壓池區氣體溫度.....................................................................................66
圖5.2.13 抑壓池區水溫.............................................................................................67
圖5.2.14 下乾井區壓力.............................................................................................67
圖5.2.15 下乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................68
圖5.2.16 上乾井區壓力.............................................................................................68
圖5.2.17 上乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................69
圖5.2.18 惰性氣體外釋率.........................................................................................69
圖5.2.19 CsI外釋率....................................................................................................70
圖5.2.20 CsOH外釋率...............................................................................................70
圖5.3.1 反應爐主系統壓力.......................................................................................73
圖5.3.2 反應爐爐心功率...........................................................................................73
圖5.3.3 反應爐爐心水位...........................................................................................74
圖5.3.4 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量...............................................................................74
圖5.3.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................75
圖5.3.6 低壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................75
圖5.3.7 消防水流量...................................................................................................76
圖5.3.8 反應爐爐心平均溫度...................................................................................76
圖5.3.9 反應爐爐心氫氣量.......................................................................................77
圖5.3.10 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................77
圖5.3.11 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................78
圖5.3.12 抑壓池區氣體溫度.....................................................................................78
圖5.3.13 抑壓池區水溫.............................................................................................79
圖5.3.14 下乾井區壓力.............................................................................................79
圖5.3.15 下乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................80
圖5.3.16 上乾井區壓力.............................................................................................80
圖5.3.17 上乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................81
圖5.3.18 惰性氣體外釋率.........................................................................................81
圖5.3.19 CsI外釋率....................................................................................................82
圖5.3.20 CsOH外釋率...............................................................................................82
圖5.4.1 反應爐主系統壓力.......................................................................................85
圖5.4.2 反應爐爐心功率...........................................................................................85
圖5.4.3 反應爐爐心水位...........................................................................................86
圖5.4.4 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量...............................................................................86
圖5.4.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................87
圖5.4.6 低壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................87
圖5.4.7 消防水流量...................................................................................................88
圖5.4.8 反應爐爐心平均溫度...................................................................................88
圖5.4.9 反應爐爐心氫氣量.......................................................................................89
圖5.4.10 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................89
圖5.4.11 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................90
圖5.4.12 抑壓池區氣體溫度.....................................................................................90
圖5.4.13 抑壓池區水溫.............................................................................................91
圖5.4.14 下乾井區壓力.............................................................................................91
圖5.4.15 下乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................92
圖5.4.16 上乾井區壓力.............................................................................................92
圖5.4.17 上乾井區氣體溫度.....................................................................................93
圖5.4.18 惰性氣體外釋率.........................................................................................93
圖5.4.19 CsI外釋率....................................................................................................94
圖5.4.20 CsOH外釋率...............................................................................................94
圖5.5.1 反應爐主系統壓力.......................................................................................97
圖5.5.2 反應爐爐心功率...........................................................................................97
圖5.5.3 反應爐爐心水位...........................................................................................98
圖5.5.4 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量...............................................................................98
圖5.5.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................99
圖5.5.6 低壓爐心灌水流量.......................................................................................99
圖5.5.7 消防水流量.................................................................................................100
圖5.5.8 反應爐爐心平均溫度.................................................................................100
圖5.5.9 反應爐爐心氫氣量.....................................................................................101
圖5.5.10 反應爐爐心熔融質量...............................................................................101
圖5.5.11 反應爐底部熔融物質量...........................................................................102
圖5.5.12 抑壓池區壓力...........................................................................................102
圖5.5.13 抑壓池區氣體溫度...................................................................................103
圖5.5.14 抑壓池區水溫...........................................................................................103
圖5.5.15 下乾井區壓力...........................................................................................104
圖5.5.16 下乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................104
圖5.5.17 上乾井區壓力...........................................................................................105
圖5.5.18 上乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................105
圖6.1.1 反應爐主系統壓力.....................................................................................113
圖6.1.2 反應爐爐心功率.........................................................................................113
圖6.1.3 反應爐爐心水位.........................................................................................114
圖6.1.4 反應爐爐心平均溫度.................................................................................114
圖6.1.5 爐心隔離冷卻系統流量.............................................................................115
圖6.1.6 高壓爐心灌水流量.....................................................................................115
圖6.1.7 低壓爐心灌水流量.....................................................................................116
圖6.1.8 反應爐爐心氫氣量.....................................................................................116
圖6.1.9 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................117
圖6.1.10 反應爐底部熔融物質量...........................................................................117
圖6.1.11 抑壓池區壓力...........................................................................................118
圖6.1.12 抑壓池區氣體溫度...................................................................................118
圖6.1.13 抑壓池區水溫...........................................................................................119
圖6.1.14 抑壓池區水位高度...................................................................................119
圖6.1.15 下乾井區壓力...........................................................................................120
圖6.1.16 下乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................120
圖6.1.17 上乾井區壓力...........................................................................................121
圖6.1.18 上乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................121
圖6.1.19 惰性氣體外釋率.......................................................................................122
圖6.1.20 CsI外釋率..................................................................................................122
圖6.1.20 CsOH外釋率.............................................................................................123
圖6.2.1 反應爐主系統壓力.....................................................................................128
圖6.2.2 反應爐爐心功率.........................................................................................128
圖6.2.3 反應爐爐心水位.........................................................................................129
圖6.2.4 反應爐爐心平均溫度.................................................................................129
圖6.2.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.....................................................................................130
圖6.2.6 反應爐爐心氫氣量.....................................................................................130
圖6.2.7 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................131
圖6.2.8 反應爐底部熔融物質量.............................................................................131
圖6.2.9 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................132
圖6.2.10 抑壓池區氣體溫度...................................................................................132
圖6.2.11 抑壓池區水溫...........................................................................................133
圖6.2.12 抑壓池區水位高度...................................................................................133
圖6.2.13 下乾井區壓力...........................................................................................134
圖6.2.14 下乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................134
圖6.2.15 上乾井區壓力...........................................................................................135
圖6.2.16 上乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................135
圖6.2.17 惰性氣體外釋率.......................................................................................136
圖6.2.18 CsI外釋率..................................................................................................136
圖6.2.19 CsOH外釋率.............................................................................................137
圖6.2.20 餘熱移除系統之熱移除功率...................................................................137
圖6.2.21 濕井噴灑流量...........................................................................................138
圖6.3.1 反應爐主系統壓力.....................................................................................141
圖6.3.2 反應爐爐心功率.........................................................................................141
圖6.3.3 反應爐爐心水位.........................................................................................142
圖6.3.4 反應爐爐心平均溫度.................................................................................142
圖6.3.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.....................................................................................143
圖6.3.6 反應爐爐心氫氣量.....................................................................................143
圖6.3.7 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................144
圖6.3.8 反應爐底部熔融物質量.............................................................................144
圖6.3.9 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................145
圖6.3.10 抑壓池區氣體溫度...................................................................................145
圖6.3.11 抑壓池區水溫...........................................................................................146
圖6.3.12 抑壓池區水位高度...................................................................................146
圖6.3.13 下乾井區壓力...........................................................................................147
圖6.3.14 下乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................147
圖6.3.15 上乾井區壓力...........................................................................................148
圖6.3.16 上乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................148
圖6.3.17 惰性氣體外釋率.......................................................................................149
圖6.3.18 CsI外釋率..................................................................................................149
圖6.3.19 CsOH外釋率.............................................................................................150
圖6.3.20 餘熱移除系統之熱移除功率...................................................................150
圖6.3.21 濕井噴灑流量...........................................................................................151
圖6.4.1 反應爐主系統壓力.....................................................................................154
圖6.4.2 反應爐爐心功率.........................................................................................154
圖6.4.3 反應爐爐心水位.........................................................................................155
圖6.4.4 反應爐爐心平均溫度.................................................................................155
圖6.4.5 高壓爐心灌水流量.....................................................................................156
圖6.4.6 反應爐爐心氫氣量.....................................................................................156
圖6.4.7 反應爐爐心熔融質量.................................................................................157
圖6.4.8 反應爐底部熔融物質量.............................................................................157
圖6.4.9 抑壓池區壓力.............................................................................................158
圖6.4.10 抑壓池區氣體溫度...................................................................................158
圖6.4.11 抑壓池區水溫...........................................................................................159
圖6.4.12 抑壓池區水位高度...................................................................................159
圖6.4.13 下乾井區壓力...........................................................................................160
圖6.4.14 下乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................160
圖6.4.15 上乾井區壓力...........................................................................................161
圖6.4.16 上乾井區氣體溫度...................................................................................161
圖6.4.17 惰性氣體外釋率.......................................................................................162
圖6.4.18 CsI外釋率..................................................................................................162
圖6.4.19 CsOH外釋率.............................................................................................163
圖6.4.20 餘熱移除系統之熱移除功率...................................................................163
圖6.4.21 濕井噴灑流量...........................................................................................164


















表目錄

表2.1 龍門電廠簡介..................................................................................................13
表3.1 龍門電廠MAAP4.0.4參數檔區間設定.........................................................24
表3.2 龍門電廠MAAP5參數檔區間設定...............................................................24
表3.3 龍門電廠MAAP4.0.4參數檔流徑設定.........................................................25
表3.4 龍門電廠MAAP5參數檔流徑設定...............................................................25
表3.4 龍門電廠MAAP5參數檔流徑設定(續)........................................................26
表4.1 MAAP5參數穩態模擬結果與初始值之相對誤差.........................................30
表5.1 SBRC-PF-R-N事故之模擬序列表..................................................................44
表5.2 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP(個案一)事故之模擬序列表...........................................60
表5.3 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP(個案二)事故之模擬序列表...........................................72
表5.4 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP(個案三)事故之模擬序列表...........................................84
表5.5 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP(個案四)事故之模擬序列表...........................................96
表5.6 SBRC-PF-R-N-EOP事故之模擬序列表(總)................................................108
表6.1 LOCA事故之模擬序列表.............................................................................112
表6.2 LOCA-EOP(個案一)事故之模擬序列表......................................................127
表6.3 LOCA-EOP(個案二)事故之模擬序列表......................................................140
表6.4 LOCA-EOP(個案三)事故之模擬序列表......................................................153
表6.5 LOCA-EOP事故之模擬序列表(總)..............................................................166

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