臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文首先提出一種創新的超音波導盲系統，利用三個超音波接收器，安排成正三角形排列，並且在三角形中央放置一個超音波發射器。配合發射和接收電路，再經由三個超音波接收器所接收的回波訊號，計算出凌空障礙物的座標位置，以協助盲胞做凌空障礙物的感測與預警。由於超音波在空氣中衰減速度快，加上溫度與濕度都可能會造成測距誤差，直接影響凌空障礙物的座標計算。因此，本論文的感測範圍是限定在盲人前方20至140公分的範圍內。文中探討與分析超音波導盲系統的硬體電路設計和所遇到的問題。

A circuit design of ultrasound guiding system is introduced. The system has one ultrasonic emitter and three sensors. These sensors are located at different apex of an equilateral triangle. The emitter is arranged at center of the equilateral triangle. With the emitter and the sensors, obstacles in front of the blind can be detected by using time-of-flight of the ultrasonic wave. Because amplitude recession, temperature and humidity may influence the measurement accuracy, a small area of 20 to 140 centimeters in front of the sensors has been considered and evaluated. Some experiment results and conclusions are also given in this thesis.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………vii
符號說明………………………………………………………………………………xiii
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 相關研究介紹…………………………………………………………………1
1.3 本文大綱………………………………………………………………………2
第二章 超音波與超音波感測器介紹…………………………………………………3
2.1 前言…………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.2 何謂超音波…………………………………………………………………… 3
　　2.2.1 超音波在介質中波速與波長的關係…………………………………4
2.2.2 超音波的反射與折射………………………………………………………5
2.2.3 超音波的能量損失…………………………………………………………8
2.3 何謂超音波感測器…………………………………………………………… 8
2.3.1 超音波感測器的壓電轉換理論………………………………………8
2.3.2 超音波感測器的等效電路…………………………………………………9
2.3.3 超音波感測器的類型………………………………………………………10
2.3.4 超音波感測器之障礙物檢出方式…………………………………………12
2.3.5 影響超音波感測器壓電轉換效率之因素………………………15
2.3.6 超音波感測器的種類………………………………………………………16
2.4 結語 ……………………………………………………………………………18
第三章 超音波導盲系統之電路設計………………………………………………19
3.1 前言…………………………………………………………………………… 19
3.2 凌空障礙物座標計算………………………………………………………… 19
3.3 硬體設計……………………………………………………………………… 22
3.3.1 超音波發射與接收器之驅動電路…………………………………………23
3.3.2 導盲系統之信號處理架構…………………………………………………24
3.4 控制程式規劃………………………………………………………………… 28
3.5 結語…………………………………………………………………………… 29
第四章 實體製作與測試結果………………………………………………………30
4.1 前言…………………………………………………………………………… 30
4.2 測試結果……………………………………………………………………… 30
4.3 結語…………………………………………………………………………… 50
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………………51
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………52
附錄 A………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55
簡歷……………………………………………………………………………………56

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