車輛排放廢氣除了一般常見的CO、HC、NOX與CO2外，機動車輛排放尾氣中亦含非法定空氣污染物，如多環芳香烴化合物 (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) 。本研究進行十五部油氣雙燃料改裝車排污測試，分別使用汽油及液化石油氣 (LPG) 兩種燃料，將測試車輛置於車體動力計上進行尾氣排放PAHs之測試。本研究主要結果如下：(1) 改裝後使用汽油冷啟動、熱啟動與改裝後使用LPG冷啟動及熱啟動動總PAHs平均排放係數分別為532、342、138、82.6

Air pollutant emissions from vehicles include CO, HC, NOX, CO2 and non-regulated air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is essential to analyze PAH emissions from gasoline/LPG dual-fuel retrofits to fully evaluate the reduction of air pollution emission from LPG usage. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The emission factors of PAHs are 532, 342, 138, 82.6

總目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
總目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究內容與目標 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2-1 LPG與LPG車 5
2-1-1 LPG燃料特性 6
2-1-2 LPG優缺點 10
2-1-3 LPG系統的差異 11
2-1-4 雙燃料改裝車之構造簡介 14
2-2 LPG車 17
2-2-1 汽油引擎介紹 17
2-2-2 LPG套件介紹 20
2-2-3 國內外相關LPG污染物排放特性之研究 24
2-2-4 國內外推展現況 27
2-3 PAHs 31
2-3-1 PAHs之特性 34
2-3-2 PAHs之來源與形成機制 36
2-3-3 PAHs之暴露途徑 38
2-3-4 PAHs對人體及環境上的危害 39
2-4 汽車排氣測試 45
2-4-1 各國運轉型態 45
2-4-2 我國測試運轉型態 49
2-4-3 我國標準運轉型態 51
第三章 實驗設備與方法 52
3-1 測試汽車 52
3-2 測試油品 54
3-3 實車動力計及運轉型態 56
3-4 汽車廢氣採樣系統 57
3-5 汽車廢氣之PAHs採樣方法 59
3-6 PAHs分析設備與方法 61
第四章 結果與討論 66
4-1 PAHs排放特性 66
4-1-1十五台車輛之PAHs排放係數 66
4-1-2美國測試程序車之PAHs排放係數 69
4-1-3歐盟測試程序車之PAHs排放係數 71
4-1-4三期車之PAHs排放係數 72
4-1-5 四期車之PAHs排放係數 75
4-2 不同環數之PAHs排放特徵 77
4-2-1 十五部車輛之PAHs環數分布 77
4-1-2 美國測試程序車之PAHs環數分佈 80
4-1-3 歐盟測試程序車之PAHs環數分佈 82
4-1-4 三期車之PAHs環數分佈 84
4-1-5 四期車之PAHs環數分佈 86
4-3 PAHs之毒性當量 89
4-3-1 十五部車輛之PAHs毒性當量 90
4-3-2 美國測試程序車之PAHs毒性當量 93
4-3-3 歐盟測試程序車之PAHs毒性當量 96
4-1-4 三期車之PAHs毒性當量 99
4-1-5 四期車之PAHs毒性當量 102
第五章 結論 105
參考文獻 108
附錄 PAHs分析之品質保證與品質控制 117


表目錄
表2-1 LPG 主要成份與性質 7
表2-1 LPG 主要成份與性質(續) 8
表2-2 液化石油氣與95無鉛汽油燃料特性比較 9
表2-3 汽車使用LPG系統之技術發展 21
表2-4 傳統式套件與直接噴射式套件之比較 23
表2-5 16種PAHs之分子量、結構式及物理特性 33
表2-6 16種PAHs之蒸氣壓於25

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