臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線射頻識別 (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)是非接觸式自動識別的
一種技術。在RFID 系統架構可以分成三個部分：前端是由讀取器 (Reader，或
稱為發送器，Transceiver)及標籤 (Tag，或稱為感應器，Transponder ) 所構成，
後端則是使用者應用程式 (Host application )，兩者之間可由中介軟體
(Middleware )串連而成。ALE 提供了比較高階的通訊標準介面可以讓不同的應用
軟體在中介軟體的輔助下，經由此標準介面可以從前端讀取器收集到的大量標籤
資料，經過過濾、收集，然後形成有用的EPC 標籤資料。
本篇論文提出一個以模組化的分散式中介軟體架構，透過各模組互相溝通運
作來達到平衡負載的功能。為了達到良好的協定共通性及國際化原則，我們所設
計的中介軟體符合EPCglobal ALE1.1 標準，並且提供LLRP、RP 通訊協定和
Customized API。根據我們所設計的中介軟體架構，我們可以分成user interface
module、event process module、data process module、report generator module、reader
control module。
藉由模組化的特性，未來我們可以針對單一模組作擴充或是修改，並且我們
也可以針對某一負載較重的模組，把工作再分派給其他負載較輕的模組來執行，
因此來提高中介軟體的效能及擴充性。

Radio Frequency Identification is a non-contact automatic identification
technology. The RFID system architecture can be divided into three parts: the front
end is composed of a reader (or a transceiver) and tag (or a transponder). The back
end is host application. The middleware can be linked between the front end and back
end, and it provides a relatively high level communication standard interface. This
interface allows different applications to achieve data collection easily through
middleware. The standard interface is used to collect a large number of tags data with
the use of readers; and after filtering and grouping these would result to useful EPC
tags data.
This paper proposes a distributed ALE middleware modular architecture system,
using each module to communicate and operate with each other in order to achieve
load balancing function. Although we design good modular, but in order to conform
with the international principles and commonality, the ALE middleware is designed to
meet the standards of EPCglobal ALE 1.1, and support Low Level Reader Protocol
(LLRP) Standard, Reader Protocol (RP) Standard, and customized API. We can divide
our designed middleware architecture into five layers: user interface layer, event
process layer, and data process layer, report generator layer, reader control layer. With
the characteristics of module feature, we can directly expand or modify certain single
modules in the future. We can also focus on certain modules which have heavy
loadings and assign some jobs to other modules which have lesser workloads; we can
improve middleware performance and scalability through this method.

誌謝................................................................................................................................ i
摘要............................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iii
Contents ....................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figures .............................................................................................................. vi
Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 Related Works ............................................................................................ 3
2.1 EPCglobal Network Architecture ........................................................................ 3
2.2 RFID Infrastructure Simulation Platform ............................................................ 5
2.3 Application Level Events (ALE) Middleware ..................................................... 5
2.4 Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) AND Reader Protocol (RP) ....................... 6
Chapter 3 System Architecture of Distributed ALE Middleware ........................... 8
3.1 User Interface Layer ............................................................................................ 9
3.2 Access Control Module ...................................................................................... 11
3.3 Reading Module ................................................................................................. 12
3.4 Writing Module .................................................................................................. 13
3.5 Tag Memory Specification Module ................................................................... 15
3.6 Logical Reader Configuration Module .............................................................. 15
3.7 Dispatcher Module ............................................................................................. 15
3.8 Event Process Layer ........................................................................................... 17
3.9 Data Process Layer ............................................................................................ 19
3.10 Report Generator Layer ................................................................................... 16
3.11 Reader Control Layer ....................................................................................... 17
Chapter 4 Implementation of Distributed ALE Middleware ................................. 18
4.1 Distributed Process ............................................................................................ 18
4.2 Register Process ................................................................................................. 19
4.3 Update Process ................................................................................................... 21
4.4 Load Balancing Process ..................................................................................... 26
4.5 ALE Process ....................................................................................................... 27
4.6 User Interface Layer Process ............................................................................. 23
4.7 Event Process Layer Process ............................................................................. 29
4.8 Data Process Layer Process ............................................................................... 27
4.9 Report Generator Layer Process ........................................................................ 28
4.10 Reader Control Layer process .......................................................................... 28
Chapter 5 Experimental Results ............................................................................... 31
Chapter 6 Conclusions and future Work ................................................................. 35
Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 36

[1] J. AI-Jaroodi, N. Mohamed, and H. Jiang. Distributed systems middleware architecture from a
software engineering perspective. In Proceedings of the IRI International Conference on Information
Reuse and Integration, pages 572–579, 2003.
[2] F. Armenio, H. Barthel, L. Burstein, P. Dietrich, J. Duker, J. Garrett, B. Hogan, O. Ryaboy,
S. Sarma, J. Schmidt, K. Suen, K. Traub, and J.Williams. The EPCglobal architecture framework,
final version 1.2. Technical report, EPCglobal, Inc., 2007.
[3] J. F. Cui and H. S. Chae. Mobile agent based load balancing for RFID middlewares. In Proceedings
of the 33rd Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics Society, pages 973–978, 2007.
[4] Z. Ding, J. Li,W. Zeng, and B. Feng. A filter design of rfid middleware in the progress of updating
barcode to RFID. In Proceedings of the 1st Annual RFID Eurasia, pages 1–6, 2007.
[5] EPCglobal. EPC radio-frequency identity protocols class-1 generation-2 UHF RFID protocol for
communications at 860 MHz – 960 MHz version 1.1.0. Technical report, EPCglobal, Inc., 2005.
[6] EPCglobal. EPCglobal tag data standards version 1.3. Technical report, EPCglobal, Inc., 2006.
[7] EPCglobal. Reader protocol standard, version 1.1. Ratified standard, EPCglobal, Inc., 2006.
[8] EPCglobal. EPCglobal pedigree ratified standard version 1.0. Technical report, EPCglobal, Inc.,
2007.
[9] EPCglobal. Low level reader protocol (LLRP), version 1.0.1. Ratified standard with approved
fixed errata, EPCglobal, Inc., 2007.
[10] EPCglobal. The application level events (ALE) specification, version 1.1 part i: Core specification.
Ratified standard, EPCglobal, Inc., 2008.
[11] EPCglobal. EPCglobal object name service (ONS) version 1.0.1. Ratified standard, EPCglobal,
Inc., 2008.
[12] B. Feng, J.-T. Li, P. Zhang, J.-B. Guo, and Z.-H. Ding. Study of RFID middleware for distributed
large-scale systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Information and Communication Technologies
Conference, volume 2, pages 2754–2759, 2006.
[13] S. Z. M. Hashim, Mardiyono, W. M. N. W. Kadir, and N. Anuar. Multi Readers Detection
in Adaptive RFID Middleware. In Proceedings of 2008 ACIS International Conference on Software
Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing, pages
858–863, 2008.
[14] ISO/IEC FCD 14443-4. Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximi
cards, Part 4: Transmission protocol. International standard, 2000.
[15] ISO/IEC FDIS 15963. Automatic Identification – Radio Frequency Identification for Item Management
– Unique Identification for RF Tags. International standard, 2003.
[16] M. Koutsoubelias and S. Lalis. Design and implementation of an extensible architecture for
the efficient remote access of simple RFID-readers. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual IEEE
International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pages 1–5,
2007.
[17] T. Ku, Y. Zhu, K. Hu, and L. Nan. A novel distributed complex event processing for RFID
application. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid
Information Technology, pages 1113–1117, 2008.
[18] F. Liu, Y. Jie, and Wei Hu. Distributed ALE in RFID middleware. In Proceedings of the 4th International
Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pages
1–5, 2008.
[19] J. Liu, D. Wang, and H. Sheng. RFID service framework with plug-in technology on devices. In
Proceedings of the 1st Annual RFID Eurasia Conference & Exhibitions, pages 1–5, 2007.
[20] C. Mascolo, L. Capra, and W. Emmerich. Middleware for mobile computing. In E. Gregori,
G. Anastasi, and S. Basagni, editors, Advanced Lectures on Networking, volume 2497 of Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, pages 20–58. Springer Verlag, 2002.
[21] L. V. Massawe, F. Aghdasi, and J. Kinyua. The development of a multi-agent based middleware
for RFID asset management system using the PASSI methodology. In Proceedings of the Sixth
International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pages 1042–1048, 2009.
[22] Z. Min, L. Wenfeng, W. Zhongyun, L. Bin, and R. Xia. A RFID-based material tracking information
system. In Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and
Logistics, pages 2922–2926, 2007.
[23] J. Powell. Learning technology research force: Middleware for pervasive and proactive computing.
Technical report, Internet Application Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
Universiy, 2004.
[24] Sun Microsystems. The Sun EPC network architecture. Technical report, Sun Microsystems,
Inc., 2004.
[25] J. Wu, D. Wang, and H. Sheng. A component-based reconfigurable REID middleware. In Proceedings
of the 33rd Annual Conference on the Industrial Electronics Society, pages 2248–2253,
2007.